Pathology Flashcards
Stages of lobar pneumonia
- Congestion (first 24 hours)
- Red hepatization (3 to 4 days)
- Grey hepatization (5 to 7 days)
- Resolution (8+)
Environmental form of histoplasma capsulatum
Hyphae with microconidia and tuberculate macroconidia
Type of cells infected by histoplasma capsulatum
Reticuloendothelial system cells
Tissue form of histoplasma capsulatum
Intracellular yeast with NARROW neck
Tissue form of blastomyces dermatitidis
BROAD-BASED budding yeast
Treatment for cryptococcus neoformans infection
Amphotericin B + flucytosine until afebrile and culture negative, then fluconazole
RNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus
Influenza and retrovirus
Type of DNA virus whose envelope is composed of nuclear membrane
Herpesvirus
Paramyxoviruses
- Parainfluenza (croup)
- Mumps and measles
- RSV (bronchiolitis)
Most common type of cancer in the lung
Metastatic
Top 3 most common cancers that metastasize to the lungs
- Breast
- Colon
- Prostate
Lung cancer most commonly metastasizes to which organs
- Adrenal glands
- Brain
- Bone
- Liver
Pulmonary location of squamous cell carcinoma
Central (around hilum and mainstem bronchi)
Primary location of small cell carcinoma
Central
Diagnostic values for pulmonary hypertension
Pulmonary artery pressure greater than 25 mmHg at rest or greater than 35 during exercise
The maxillary sinuses drain into which meatus of the nasal cavity
Middle meatus
Characteristic of thrombi formed before death
Lines of Zahn
Type of hypersensitivity reaction seen in hypersensitivity pneumonitis
Mixed type 3/4 reaction
Components of Caplan syndrome
- Rheumatoid arthritis
* Pneumoconioses with intrapulmonary nodules
Part of the lung damaged by asbestos
Lower lobes
Part of the lung damaged by silica and coal
Upper lobes
Pathognomonic lesions of asbestosis
Calcified, supradiaphragmatic and pleural plaques
Histopathological description of asbestos (ferriginous) bodies
Golden-Brown fusiform rods resembling dumbbells, visualized using Prussian blue stain
Pneumoconiosis that increases susceptibility to TB
Silicosis
Positive immunohistochemestry in mesotheliomas
Cytokeratin and calretinin
Risk factor associated with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP)
Tobacco smoking
Histopathologic findings in desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP)
Hyperplasia of pneumocytes and accumulation of histiocytes in alveoli
How is factor V Leiden different from normal factor V
Factor V Leiden is a mutated form of factor V that lacks the cleavage site for deactivation by proteins C and S
Histopathologic characteristic of an atherosclerotic thrombus
Cholesterol clefts in the embolus
Most common microorganism that causes secondary pneumonia
Streptococcus pneumonia (2nd most common is S. aureus)
Microorganisms that causes pneumonia in COPD patients
- Haemophilus influenzae
- Moraxella catarrhalis
- Legionella pneumophila
Histopathologic characteristics seen in squamous cell carcinomas
- Keratin pearls
* Intercellular bridges
Patients at risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the lung
- Nonsmokers
* Female smokers
Mutations that can be seen in adenocarcinoma of the lung and their immunotherapy
- EGFR mutations (erlotinib)
- ALK translocation (crizotinib)
- PD-L1 expression (pembrolizumab)
Radiologic characteristic of silicosis
“Eggshell” calcification of hilar lymph nodes
CD4+ level at which you should start PCP prophylaxis
Less than 200
Picornavirus that is acid labile and, therefore, cannot survive stomach acid
Rhinovirus
Monoclonal antibodies against the F protein of paramyxoviruses
Palivizumab
Oncogene associated with small cell carcinoma of the lung
L-myc
