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Respiratory Kaplan > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Stages of lobar pneumonia

A
  • Congestion (first 24 hours)
  • Red hepatization (3 to 4 days)
  • Grey hepatization (5 to 7 days)
  • Resolution (8+)
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2
Q

Environmental form of histoplasma capsulatum

A

Hyphae with microconidia and tuberculate macroconidia

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3
Q

Type of cells infected by histoplasma capsulatum

A

Reticuloendothelial system cells

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4
Q

Tissue form of histoplasma capsulatum

A

Intracellular yeast with NARROW neck

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5
Q

Tissue form of blastomyces dermatitidis

A

BROAD-BASED budding yeast

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6
Q

Treatment for cryptococcus neoformans infection

A

Amphotericin B + flucytosine until afebrile and culture negative, then fluconazole

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7
Q

RNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus

A

Influenza and retrovirus

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8
Q

Type of DNA virus whose envelope is composed of nuclear membrane

A

Herpesvirus

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9
Q

Paramyxoviruses

A
  • Parainfluenza (croup)
  • Mumps and measles
  • RSV (bronchiolitis)
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10
Q

Most common type of cancer in the lung

A

Metastatic

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11
Q

Top 3 most common cancers that metastasize to the lungs

A
  1. Breast
  2. Colon
  3. Prostate
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12
Q

Lung cancer most commonly metastasizes to which organs

A
  1. Adrenal glands
  2. Brain
  3. Bone
  4. Liver
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13
Q

Pulmonary location of squamous cell carcinoma

A

Central (around hilum and mainstem bronchi)

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14
Q

Primary location of small cell carcinoma

A

Central

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15
Q

Diagnostic values for pulmonary hypertension

A

Pulmonary artery pressure greater than 25 mmHg at rest or greater than 35 during exercise

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16
Q

The maxillary sinuses drain into which meatus of the nasal cavity

A

Middle meatus

17
Q

Characteristic of thrombi formed before death

A

Lines of Zahn

18
Q

Type of hypersensitivity reaction seen in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

A

Mixed type 3/4 reaction

19
Q

Components of Caplan syndrome

A
  • Rheumatoid arthritis

* Pneumoconioses with intrapulmonary nodules

20
Q

Part of the lung damaged by asbestos

A

Lower lobes

21
Q

Part of the lung damaged by silica and coal

A

Upper lobes

22
Q

Pathognomonic lesions of asbestosis

A

Calcified, supradiaphragmatic and pleural plaques

23
Q

Histopathological description of asbestos (ferriginous) bodies

A

Golden-Brown fusiform rods resembling dumbbells, visualized using Prussian blue stain

24
Q

Pneumoconiosis that increases susceptibility to TB

A

Silicosis

25
Q

Positive immunohistochemestry in mesotheliomas

A

Cytokeratin and calretinin

26
Q

Risk factor associated with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP)

A

Tobacco smoking

27
Q

Histopathologic findings in desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP)

A

Hyperplasia of pneumocytes and accumulation of histiocytes in alveoli

28
Q

How is factor V Leiden different from normal factor V

A

Factor V Leiden is a mutated form of factor V that lacks the cleavage site for deactivation by proteins C and S

29
Q

Histopathologic characteristic of an atherosclerotic thrombus

A

Cholesterol clefts in the embolus

30
Q

Most common microorganism that causes secondary pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumonia (2nd most common is S. aureus)

31
Q

Microorganisms that causes pneumonia in COPD patients

A
  • Haemophilus influenzae
  • Moraxella catarrhalis
  • Legionella pneumophila
32
Q

Histopathologic characteristics seen in squamous cell carcinomas

A
  • Keratin pearls

* Intercellular bridges

33
Q

Patients at risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the lung

A
  • Nonsmokers

* Female smokers

34
Q

Mutations that can be seen in adenocarcinoma of the lung and their immunotherapy

A
  • EGFR mutations (erlotinib)
  • ALK translocation (crizotinib)
  • PD-L1 expression (pembrolizumab)
35
Q

Radiologic characteristic of silicosis

A

“Eggshell” calcification of hilar lymph nodes

36
Q

CD4+ level at which you should start PCP prophylaxis

A

Less than 200

37
Q

Picornavirus that is acid labile and, therefore, cannot survive stomach acid

A

Rhinovirus

38
Q

Monoclonal antibodies against the F protein of paramyxoviruses

A

Palivizumab

39
Q

Oncogene associated with small cell carcinoma of the lung

A

L-myc

Respiratory Kaplan (3 decks)

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