Pathology

Question 1

Stages of lobar pneumonia

Answer 1

• Congestion (first 24 hours)
• Red hepatization (3 to 4 days)
• Grey hepatization (5 to 7 days)
• Resolution (8+)

Question 2

Environmental form of histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 2

Hyphae with microconidia and tuberculate macroconidia

Question 3

Type of cells infected by histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 3

Reticuloendothelial system cells

Question 4

Tissue form of histoplasma capsulatum

Answer 4

Intracellular yeast with NARROW neck

Question 5

Tissue form of blastomyces dermatitidis

Answer 5

BROAD-BASED budding yeast

Question 6

Treatment for cryptococcus neoformans infection

Answer 6

Amphotericin B + flucytosine until afebrile and culture negative, then fluconazole

Question 7

RNA viruses that replicate in the nucleus

Answer 7

Influenza and retrovirus

Question 8

Type of DNA virus whose envelope is composed of nuclear membrane

Answer 8

Herpesvirus

Question 9

Paramyxoviruses

Answer 9

• Parainfluenza (croup)
• Mumps and measles
• RSV (bronchiolitis)

Question 10

Most common type of cancer in the lung

Answer 10

Metastatic

Question 11

Top 3 most common cancers that metastasize to the lungs

Answer 11

1. Breast
2. Colon
3. Prostate

Question 12

Lung cancer most commonly metastasizes to which organs

Answer 12

1. Adrenal glands
2. Brain
3. Bone
4. Liver

Question 13

Pulmonary location of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 13

Central (around hilum and mainstem bronchi)

Question 14

Primary location of small cell carcinoma

Answer 14

Central

Question 15

Diagnostic values for pulmonary hypertension

Answer 15

Pulmonary artery pressure greater than 25 mmHg at rest or greater than 35 during exercise

Question 16

The maxillary sinuses drain into which meatus of the nasal cavity

Answer 16

Middle meatus

Question 17

Characteristic of thrombi formed before death

Answer 17

Lines of Zahn

Question 18

Type of hypersensitivity reaction seen in hypersensitivity pneumonitis

Answer 18

Mixed type 3/4 reaction

Question 19

Components of Caplan syndrome

Answer 19

• Rheumatoid arthritis

* Pneumoconioses with intrapulmonary nodules

Question 20

Part of the lung damaged by asbestos

Answer 20

Lower lobes

Question 21

Part of the lung damaged by silica and coal

Answer 21

Upper lobes

Question 22

Pathognomonic lesions of asbestosis

Answer 22

Calcified, supradiaphragmatic and pleural plaques

Question 23

Histopathological description of asbestos (ferriginous) bodies

Answer 23

Golden-Brown fusiform rods resembling dumbbells, visualized using Prussian blue stain

Question 24

Pneumoconiosis that increases susceptibility to TB

Answer 24

Silicosis

Question 25

Positive immunohistochemestry in mesotheliomas

Answer 25

Cytokeratin and calretinin

Question 26

Risk factor associated with desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP)

Answer 26

Tobacco smoking

Question 27

Histopathologic findings in desquamative interstitial pneumonitis (DIP)

Answer 27

Hyperplasia of pneumocytes and accumulation of histiocytes in alveoli

Question 28

How is factor V Leiden different from normal factor V

Answer 28

Factor V Leiden is a mutated form of factor V that lacks the cleavage site for deactivation by proteins C and S

Question 29

Histopathologic characteristic of an atherosclerotic thrombus

Answer 29

Cholesterol clefts in the embolus

Question 30

Most common microorganism that causes secondary pneumonia

Answer 30

Streptococcus pneumonia (2nd most common is S. aureus)

Question 31

Microorganisms that causes pneumonia in COPD patients

Answer 31

* Haemophilus influenzae * Moraxella catarrhalis * Legionella pneumophila

Question 32

Histopathologic characteristics seen in squamous cell carcinomas

Answer 32

* Keratin pearls | * Intercellular bridges

Question 33

Patients at risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the lung

Answer 33

* Nonsmokers | * Female smokers

Question 34

Mutations that can be seen in adenocarcinoma of the lung and their immunotherapy

Answer 34

* EGFR mutations (erlotinib) * ALK translocation (crizotinib) * PD-L1 expression (pembrolizumab)

Question 35

Radiologic characteristic of silicosis

Answer 35

"Eggshell" calcification of hilar lymph nodes

Question 36

CD4+ level at which you should start PCP prophylaxis

Answer 36

Less than 200

Question 37

Picornavirus that is acid labile and, therefore, cannot survive stomach acid

Answer 37

Rhinovirus

Question 38

Monoclonal antibodies against the F protein of paramyxoviruses

Answer 38

Palivizumab

Question 39

Oncogene associated with small cell carcinoma of the lung

Answer 39

L-myc