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Part 1 Boards > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Main cause of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease

A

Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis

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2
Q

FAST is an acronym for stroke related things. What do the letters stand for?

A

Face
Arm
Speech
Time (within 5 hours)

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3
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot

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4
Q

A dissecting aneurysm (longitudinal cleavage of arterial media by a column of blood) would have “____” pain

A

Tearing

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5
Q

Berry Aneurysms occur in what artery most of the time (40%)?

A

Anterior communicating branch of Circle of Willis

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6
Q

Sustained elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure (diastole above __mm) is known as hypertension

A

90

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7
Q

Congenital failure of closure between the pulmonary artery and aorta (up to 80% are premature)

A

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

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8
Q

Right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to lung malfunction (including Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, etc.)

A

Cor Pulmonale

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9
Q 
DRIP is an acronym used to describe this central vascular disorder. 
Dextrorotation of the aorta
Right ventricular hypertrophy
Intraventricular septal defect
Pulmonary artery stenosis
A

Tetralogy of Fallot

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10
Q

This systemic pathology results from improperly treated strep or scarlet fever. The MITRAL and AORTIC valves are affected (Mitral first)

A

Rheumatic Fever

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11
Q

Type of anemia? Loss of parietal cells leading to decreased intrinsic factor resulting in decreased absorption of B12. Reticulocytosis develops (immature RBC’s). Posterolateral sclerosis develops (glove and stocking paresthesia).

A

Pernicious (from B12 deficiency) - Macrocytic, Normochromic

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12
Q

Type of angina that occurs at REST due to coronary artery spasm?

A

Prinzmetal’s

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13
Q

Impaired esophageal peristalsis d/t LES contraction (narrowing) is known as?

A

Achalasia

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14
Q

____ syndrome (AKA Patterson-Kelly) is a rare disease or the esophagus characterized by esophageal webs d/t IDA w/glossitis and cheilosis also

A

Plummer-Vinson

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15
Q

Portal hypertension can cause esophageal ____

A

Varices (varicosities in the esophagus)

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16
Q

Incompetence of the LES (widening in this case)

A

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

17
Q

GERD can lead to ____ esophagus, which can ultimately lead to cancer

A

Barrett’s

18
Q

Laceration of the distal esophagus and proximal stomach. Usually d/t vomiting (throwing up blood=hematomesis) and common in alcoholics

A

Mallory-Weiss Syndrome

19
Q

Most common peptic (stomach) ulcer?

A

Duodenal - burning or gnawing pain

20
Q

A gastric ulcer is typically located along the LESSER curvature of the stomach. It is caused by _____ (microorganism) and NSAIDS

A

Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori)

21
Q

Stomach CANCER occurs most frequently at the ____ curvature of the stomach

A

GREATER

22
Q

Mallory bodies are seen in ____ hepatitis

A

Alcoholic

23
Q

Gas and distention. Pencil-thin stools. Episodic. Constipation and/or diarrhea

A

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

24
Q

Characteristic “Skip lesions” are part of this bowel disease. Typically occurs in the distal ileum and right colon. Chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain

A

Crohn’s disease (Regional Enteritis)

25
Q

This bowel disease is characterized by watery stools and mucosal ulcerations. Typically left side of colon and associated w/malabsorption.

A

Ulcerative colitis

26
Q

Congenital absence of Meissner’s and Auerbach’s autonomic plexus’ (autonomic system does not control colon at all)

A

Hirschsprung’s (Congenital Megacolon)

27
Q

A hereditary bowel disease. Chronic intestinal malabsorption causing mucosal damage. Person has gluten/wheat intolerance and steatorrhea (fatty, floating stools)

A

Celiac disease (Nontropical sprue, Gluten enteropathy)

28
Q

A possibly fatal bowel disease. 30-60 yo males. Anemia, weight loss, skin pigmentation, diarrhea, joint symptoms, severe malabsorption, abdominal pain, cough, pleuritic pain. It is a small bowel infection which causes lymph obstruction also.

A

Whipple’s disease

29
Q

____ syndrome is found in the ascending colon and can produce polyps.

A

Gardner’s

30
Q

The most common cancer causing death in both males and females?

A

Lung cancer

31
Q

Most common cause of pneumonia?

A

Bacterial - streptococcus pneumoniae

32
Q

The most common type of bacterial pneumonia?

A

Lobar pneumonia

33
Q

The most common “atypical” pneumonia (lack of exudate)

A

Mycoplasmal (type of Viral pneumonia)

34
Q

This type of pneumonia is common in debilitated patients and alcoholics (immunodeficient). Characterized by red currant jelly sputum

A

Klebsiella

35
Q

This type of pneumonia is common in patients w/AIDS

A

Pneumocystis carinii

36
Q

___ pneumonia is characterized by rusty sputum

A

Pneumococcal

Part 1 Boards (3 decks)

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