Pathology Flashcards
Main cause of ischemic heart disease and cerebrovascular disease
Arteriosclerosis/atherosclerosis
FAST is an acronym for stroke related things. What do the letters stand for?
Face
Arm
Speech
Time (within 5 hours)
Thrombus
Blood clot
A dissecting aneurysm (longitudinal cleavage of arterial media by a column of blood) would have “____” pain
Tearing
Berry Aneurysms occur in what artery most of the time (40%)?
Anterior communicating branch of Circle of Willis
Sustained elevation of systemic arterial blood pressure (diastole above __mm) is known as hypertension
90
Congenital failure of closure between the pulmonary artery and aorta (up to 80% are premature)
Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)
Right ventricular hypertrophy secondary to lung malfunction (including Emphysema, chronic bronchitis, cystic fibrosis, etc.)
Cor Pulmonale
DRIP is an acronym used to describe this central vascular disorder. Dextrorotation of the aorta Right ventricular hypertrophy Intraventricular septal defect Pulmonary artery stenosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
This systemic pathology results from improperly treated strep or scarlet fever. The MITRAL and AORTIC valves are affected (Mitral first)
Rheumatic Fever
Type of anemia? Loss of parietal cells leading to decreased intrinsic factor resulting in decreased absorption of B12. Reticulocytosis develops (immature RBC’s). Posterolateral sclerosis develops (glove and stocking paresthesia).
Pernicious (from B12 deficiency) - Macrocytic, Normochromic
Type of angina that occurs at REST due to coronary artery spasm?
Prinzmetal’s
Impaired esophageal peristalsis d/t LES contraction (narrowing) is known as?
Achalasia
____ syndrome (AKA Patterson-Kelly) is a rare disease or the esophagus characterized by esophageal webs d/t IDA w/glossitis and cheilosis also
Plummer-Vinson
Portal hypertension can cause esophageal ____
Varices (varicosities in the esophagus)
Incompetence of the LES (widening in this case)
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
GERD can lead to ____ esophagus, which can ultimately lead to cancer
Barrett’s
Laceration of the distal esophagus and proximal stomach. Usually d/t vomiting (throwing up blood=hematomesis) and common in alcoholics
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
Most common peptic (stomach) ulcer?
Duodenal - burning or gnawing pain
A gastric ulcer is typically located along the LESSER curvature of the stomach. It is caused by _____ (microorganism) and NSAIDS
Helicobacter Pylori (H. Pylori)
Stomach CANCER occurs most frequently at the ____ curvature of the stomach
GREATER
Mallory bodies are seen in ____ hepatitis
Alcoholic
Gas and distention. Pencil-thin stools. Episodic. Constipation and/or diarrhea
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Characteristic “Skip lesions” are part of this bowel disease. Typically occurs in the distal ileum and right colon. Chronic diarrhea and abdominal pain
Crohn’s disease (Regional Enteritis)
This bowel disease is characterized by watery stools and mucosal ulcerations. Typically left side of colon and associated w/malabsorption.
Ulcerative colitis
Congenital absence of Meissner’s and Auerbach’s autonomic plexus’ (autonomic system does not control colon at all)
Hirschsprung’s (Congenital Megacolon)
A hereditary bowel disease. Chronic intestinal malabsorption causing mucosal damage. Person has gluten/wheat intolerance and steatorrhea (fatty, floating stools)
Celiac disease (Nontropical sprue, Gluten enteropathy)
A possibly fatal bowel disease. 30-60 yo males. Anemia, weight loss, skin pigmentation, diarrhea, joint symptoms, severe malabsorption, abdominal pain, cough, pleuritic pain. It is a small bowel infection which causes lymph obstruction also.
Whipple’s disease
____ syndrome is found in the ascending colon and can produce polyps.
Gardner’s
The most common cancer causing death in both males and females?
Lung cancer
Most common cause of pneumonia?
Bacterial - streptococcus pneumoniae
The most common type of bacterial pneumonia?
Lobar pneumonia
The most common “atypical” pneumonia (lack of exudate)
Mycoplasmal (type of Viral pneumonia)
This type of pneumonia is common in debilitated patients and alcoholics (immunodeficient). Characterized by red currant jelly sputum
Klebsiella
This type of pneumonia is common in patients w/AIDS
Pneumocystis carinii
___ pneumonia is characterized by rusty sputum
Pneumococcal
