Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Year 2 Alcohol > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the name of the alcohol that we consume?

A

Ethanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What type of alcohol is typically present in antifreeze?

A

Methanol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is methanol metabolised to?

A

Formaldehyde then formic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What happens if methanol consumption is left untreated?

A

Blindness along with a whole host of other things

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the treatment for methanol toxicity?

A

Alcohol (ethanol consumption) with/without dialysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Why is the treatment for methanol toxicity drinking ethanol?

A

Both are metabolised by alcohol dehydrogenase.

Competitive inhibition. Drinking ethanol means you don’t make formic acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is alcohol mainly absorbed in the stomach?

A

No
Minimal absorption in stomach

Absorbed in small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What drugs increase gastric emptying?

A

Antihistamines and metoclopramide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Are higher percentage or lower percentage drinks absorbed faster?

A

Lower

Don’t irritate stomach as much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Are aerated drinks absorbed faster?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Is alcohol water soluble?

A

Yes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Why are men able to tolerate more alcohol?

A

More lean mass + higher blood volume for same weight.

Bigger pool for dilution.

Women have a lower level of alcohol dehydrogenase.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is alcohol converted to during metabolism?

A

Acetaldehyde

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does acetaldehyde react with in order to form acetate?

A

Aldehyde dehydrogenase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is acetate broken down into?

A

CO2 and H2O

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is alcohol metabolised?

A

90% - liver

Also in pancreas and brain

17
Q

When does alcohol consumption typically peak?

A

60mins after consumption

18
Q

Why can certain ethnic groups not consume alcohol?

A

Low levels or no alcohol dehydrogenase

19
Q

Does regularly consuming alcohol increase tolerance?

A

Yes
Can upregulate alcohol dehydrogenase

Alternative pathways can be activated
MEOS
Catalase
CP450

20
Q

What are the consequences of the MEOS pathway?

A

Production of hydrogen ions that are disposed of by:

  • inhibiting hepatic gluconeogenesis
  • inhibiting citric acid cycle
  • inhibiting fatty acid oxidation
21
Q

What does the MEOS pathway do to the Kreb’s cycle?

A

Switches to anaerobic metabolism

More likely to produce lactic acid

22
Q

What state is alcoholic ketoacidosis associated with?

A

Malnourished state

23
Q

What is the pathology of alcoholic ketoacidosis?

A 
Excess NADH
Impaired fatty acid metabolism
Ketogenesis
Excess lipid synthesis
Fasting state
Can result in death
24
Q

What part of the brain is responsible for consciousness?

A

Reticular formation (upper brain stem)

25
Q

Why does alcohol make you pee more?

A

Directly inhibits ADH

26
Q

What is holiday heart syndrome?

A

Supraventricular tachycardia due to lottsa drinking

Year 2 Alcohol (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions