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NBDE 2 > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q 
Fordyce Granules
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Ectopic sebaceous glands in the oral cavity
most common on buccal mucosa and upper lip
many yellow plaques or granules
No treatment

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2
Q 
Leukoedema
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Intracellular edema of cells
White, foggy
bilateral buccal mucosa
white areas dissapear with stretching
No treatment
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3
Q 
Varices
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Dilated blood vessels
blue veins that bulge
Lip and under the tongue
No treatment

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4
Q 
Geographic Tongue (Erythema Migrans)
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Atrophy of filliform papillae with keratinized border
Red, Flat cental area with white serpentine border
typically on tongue, can be anywhere in oral cavity
It moves around
no treatment, unless symptomatic = corticosteroid

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5
Q 
Tori
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Abnormal bone growth
pink, hard growth of bone covered by healthy epithelium
hard palate and lingual surface of mandible by premolars
no treatment unless growth is excessive or required for prosthesis

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6
Q 
Physiologic pigmentation
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Pigmentation of intra oral tissues

typically seen in darker individuals

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7
Q

Ankyloglossa

A

tongue tied

short lingual frenum

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8
Q

Cleft lip and palate

A

Defect between median nasal process and maxillary process (lip)
defect between palatal shelves (palate)
Radiographic radiolucencies that extend from the nasal cavity to the oral cavity

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9
Q 
Morsicatio
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Chronic Mucosa Chewing
White rough tissue
above and below lingual planes
Must be in a location that the patient can chew
No treatment
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10
Q 
White Sponge Nevus
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

autosomal dominant mutation causing keratin production
Thick White folds of velvety tissue
Multifocal (buccal mucosa, ventral tongue, soft palate…)
No treatment

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11
Q

LInea alba

A

Hyperkeratosis line on the buccal mucosa at the height of the occlusal table
no treatment

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12
Q 
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia
What causes it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Epstein barr 
white rough plaque
lateral border of the tongue
seen in immune compromised patients
no treatment (sign of immunocompromised state)
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13
Q 
Hairy Tongue
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Elongation of filliform papillae
looks like a hairy tongue
dorsal surface of the tongue
Treatment = Scrape tongue

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14
Q 
Reticular Lichen Planus
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

autoimmune disorder
Oral cavity = White lacy pattern, doesn’t rub off
Multifocal
Wickhams Striae, purple, pruritic papules on skin
no treatment unless burning = corticosteroids

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15
Q 
Erosive Lichen Planus
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

autoimmune disorder with painful ulcerations
Painful ulcerations, pseudomembrane with erythema
Multifocal
remnants of Wickhams Striae, purple, pruritic papules on skin
treatment = topical steroids (severe = systemic corticoids)

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16
Q 
Nicotinic Stomatitis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

heat of smoking causes minor salivary glands of the hard palate to become inflamed
red gland ducts with white leukoplakic background
on the palate
no treatment (not premalignant)

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17
Q 
White Candidosis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

opportunistic growth of candida albicans
pseudomembranous white patches that rub off leaving red base, painful
Generalized
pts are immunocompromised, taking antibiotics or corticosteroids
Treatment = antifungal medication

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18
Q

which is more common

reticular or erosive lichen planus

A

reticular

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19
Q 
Acute Erythematous Candidosis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
opportunistic growth of candida albicans
painful and burning erythema
generalized
typically follows broad spectrum antibiotics (antibiotic sore mouth)
treatment = antifungal medication
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20
Q 
Chronic Erythematous Candidosis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Candida growth in denture bearing area
potentially painful erythematous area
only on denture bearing areas
may be caused by things other than candida (bad denture hygeine, poorly fitting dentures)
treatment = improve dentures/care/antifungal

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21
Q 
Angular Chelitis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Candida and Bacterial infection 
Erythematous lesions
Oral commisures
often associated with VDO loss
Treatment = antifungal and antibiotic
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22
Q 
Median Rhomboid Glossitis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Candida infection
erythematous rhomboid patch
midline on dorsal surface of tongue
“kissing lesion” on palate

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23
Q

Chemical/Physical Burn
What is it?
What is it’s appearance?

A

burn causing necrosis of epithelial tissue

white pseudomembranous patch that rubs off with difficulty

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24
Q

Scarlet Fever
what is it
oral manifestation

A 
Group A strep infection
Strawberry tongue (white coating with red dots that transitions to red coating with white dots)
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25
Q 
Hemangioma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Tumor of Vasculature
red/purple tumor
located anywhwere
Blanches, not present at birth, rapidly growing
Treament = none, gradual involution (goes away)

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26
Q 
Venous Malformation
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Abnomalities without endothelial proliferation
red/purple growth
located anywhere
Blanches, present at birth
no treatment, but doesn't go away
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27
Q

Sturge weber angiomatosis

A

Port wine stain (venous malformation)

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28
Q 
Petechiae
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Submucosal hemorrhage from minor trauma
very small red/purple bruises
hard palate, buccal mucosa, can be anywhere
doesn't blanch
no treatment
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29
Q 
Ecchymosis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Submucosal hemorrhage from minor trauma
red/purple bruises larger than 2 cm
can be anywhere
doesn't blanch
no treatment
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30
Q 
Hematoma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Submucosal hemorrhage from trauma 
red/purple mass caused by accumulated blood
can be anywhere
doesn't blanch
no treatment
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31
Q 
Kaposi's Sarcoma
What causes it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
A 
caused by HHV-8 
red/purple tumor
located anywhere in oral cavity and on the body
malignant
seen in immunocompromised patients
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32
Q 
Aquired Melanocytic Nevus (mole)
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

controlled proliferation of melanocytes
small blue/brown macule
can be anywhere
Treatment = biopsy

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33
Q 
Malignant Melanoma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Uncontrolled proliferation of melanocytes
may begin as blue/brown macule, becomes raised more widespread
can be located anywhere
ABCDE
oral melanoma has very poor prognosis

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34
Q 
Heavy metal intoxication
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

inclusion of heavy metals into oral tissues
blue-gray line along gingival margin
gingival margin
burtons line (history of working with heavy metals)
no treatment

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35
Q 
traumatic Ulcer
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Ulcer caused by mechanical trauma
red center lesion with white keratin border
located near a source of irritation
Treatment = remove source of irritation
(if no source of irritation can be found or lesion persists following removal of irritation it needs to be biopsied)

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36
Q 
Aphtous Stomatitis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

ulcerations of unknown cause
central white area with surrounding red halo
ONLY on NON-KERATINIZED tissue
Treatment = corticosteroids

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37
Q 
Primary Herpes Simplex
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Initial infection with HSV 1 (2)
small vesicles that rupture and coalesce to form large ulcerations
BOTH keratinized and non keratinized tissues
typically presents with fever, malaise, lymphadenopathy
Treatment = acyclovir (within first 3 days)

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38
Q 
Recurrent Herpes Simplex
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Flaring up of existing HSV 1(2) infection
small vesicles that rupture and coalesce to form large ulcerations
ONLY KERATINIZED TISSUES
doesn’t present with fever/malaise. has prodrome
Treatment = Valacyclovir

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39
Q 
Herpes Zoster
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

HHV-3 infection
small vesicles that rupture and coalesce to form large ulcerations
intraorally and extra oral
follows a dermatome

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40
Q 
Pemphigus Vulgaris
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Autoimmune disease that attacks desmosomes
Ulcerations of skin/mucosa
generalized, intra and extra oral
intraepithelial splitting, nikolsky sign, immunofluoresence, long duration
Treatment = corticosteroids

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41
Q 
Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid 
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Autoimmune disease that hemidesmosomes
Ulcerations of skin/mucosa
generalized intra and extra oral
subepithelial splitting, eye involvement, symblepharon, immunofluresence, long duration
treatment = corticosteroids
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42
Q 
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
Multisystem Autoimmune disease 
Ulcerations 
generalized lesions
butterfly rash, long duration
treatment = corticosteroids
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43
Q

Chronic Cuatneous Lupus Erythematosus

A

like SLE but only has skin and oral lesions

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44
Q 
Erythema multiforme
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Generalized Ulcerative condition of unknown etiology
Generalize ulcerations
Generalized
Sometimes preceeded by herpes, pneumonia, or medications, FAST onset, target lesions, BLACK CRUSTY LIPS
treatment = self resolving, corticosteroids prn

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45
Q 
Chron's disease
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

inflammatory bowel disease
oral = labial swelling, apthous ulcers, mucosal tags, granulomatous gingiva
from anus to oral cavity
cobblestoning of GI tract
treatment = steroids/immunosuppressants (doesn’t cure)

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46
Q 
Epilus fissuratum
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

hyperplastic fibrous connective tissue
sheet of fibrous CT
buccal vestibule
Associated with overextended denture flange
Treatment = excision if necessary, adjust denture flange

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47
Q 
Inflammatory papillary hyperplasia
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
hyperplastic fibrous tissue 
papillary projections
denture bearing areas (palate)
caused by poor fitting dentures/24 hour wear
treatment = better denture care
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48
Q

Denture leaf fibroma

A

leaf like fibroma on hard palate under a denture

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49
Q 
Papilloma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Benign Warty projection of Squamous epithelium associated with HPV
rough surface with multiple finger like projections with pedunculated base

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50
Q 
Verruca Vulgaris
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Benign Warty projection of Squamous epithelium associated with HPV
rough surface with multiple finger like projections with sessile base
single lesions
more common on skin

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51
Q

Condyloma

A

papilloma like growths, typically multiple and associated with high risk HPVs

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52
Q

What are the 5 P’s of gum bumps

A 
parulis
plain fibroma
pyogenic granuloma
peripheral ossifying fibroma
peripheral giant cell granuloma
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53
Q 
Parulis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Gum bump formed from pus caused by infection of necrotic tooth canal that accumulated under epithelium
mass on the gums
gingiva
found near a necrotic tooth, doesn’t blanch, pus filled
Treatment = treat source of infection

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54
Q 
Peripheral ossifying fibroma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Overgrowth of fibrous tissue
Red or pink growth
Gingiva
doesn’t blanch

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55
Q 
Peripheral Giant Cell granuloma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Overgrowth of vascular tissue
Red/purple growth
gingiva
blanches

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56
Q 
Pyogenic granuloma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Overgrowth of vascular tissue
red/purple growth
gingiva
blanches, common in pregnancy

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57
Q 
Plain Fibroma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

overgrowth of fibrous tissue
firm pink growth
can be found anywhere
Doesn’t blanch

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58
Q

Do salivary lesions ever occur on attached gingiva

A

nope

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59
Q

What is the only tumor of neural origin that hurts

A

traumatic neuroma

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60
Q

What is the most common site of a Granular Cell tumor

A

dorsum of tongue

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61
Q

What are the tumors of muscle origin

A

leiomyoma (smooth muscle tumor) anywhere

Rhabdomyoma (skeletal muscle) not on palate or gingiva

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62
Q

What is the tumor of fat origin

A

lipoma (anywhere)

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63
Q

Congenital Epilus

A

Bump on the alveolar ridge that is present at birth

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64
Q

Lymphoepithelial cyst
What is it?
What is it’s appearance?
Where is it typically located?

A

Cyst of lymphatic tissue
well circumscribed pale/yellow swelling
found in waldeyers ring (floor of mouth, tonsillar pillar, lateral tongue)

65
Q 
Lymphangioma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
A

lymph filled superficial vessels
many red/yellow bumps
most commonly on dorsum of tongue
Frog-egg appearance

66
Q

Leukemia
What is it?
What does it cause?

A

Excessive production of Abnormal WBCs in bone marrow
decrased RBCs = fatigue, shortness of breath
decreased functioning WBCs = increased infections
decreased platelets = prolonged bleeding

67
Q

Oral manifestations of leukemia

A

petechia a purpura
spontaneous and prolonged gingival bleeding
boggy gingival enlargement and ulcerations
candidosis
herpes and apthous can happen anywhere

68
Q

What tests to order when suspecting leukemia

A

complete blood count

white blood count differntial

69
Q

Langerhans Cell disease
What is it?
What is it’s radiographic appearance?

A

proliferation of langerhans cells for unknown reasons

Scooped out bone, teeth floating in air

70
Q

Multiple Myeloma
What is it?
What is it’sradiographic appearance?
Key identifiers?

A

multifocal malignancy of plasma cells
multiple punched out lesions (well defined)
Bence Jones Proteins

71
Q 
Cheilitis Glandularis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

inflammation of minor salivary glands
swelling of lip with inflammed ducts
typically on lower lip
risk of squamous cell carcinoma

72
Q 
Necrotizing Sailometaplasia
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Necrotic Ulceration of tissue due to local ischemia
Necrotic ulceration, exposing bone (makes a hole)
Posterior hard palate near GP foramen
Rapid onset, often follows local anesthesia (GP block)
Treatment = mimics squamous cell carcinoma, should be biopsied, self resolving

73
Q 
Mucocele
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Severed salivary duct leading to mucous accumulation under the epithelium often caused by trauma
bluish dome shaped vesicle
typically on the lower lip, can be anywhere there are salivary glands
history of recurrence
treatment = none, unless large and frequently recurring then excision

74
Q

Ranula

A

Mucocele found on the floor of the mouth
looks like frog belly
Danger of plunging ranula (mucous retention spreading into fascial spaces that can asphyxiate the patient)

75
Q

Most common salivary gland tumor

A

pleomorphic adenoma

76
Q

most common benign salivary gland tumor

A

pleomorphic adenoma

77
Q

most common malignant salivary gland tumor

A

mucoepidermoid carcinoma

78
Q

most common location for salivary gland tumors

A

parotid gland

79
Q 
Pleomorphic adenoma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

benign salivary gland tumor
swelling under epithelium
common in parotid gland but can occur anywhere
treatment = incisional biopsy, excision

80
Q

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma

A

most common malignant salivary gland tumor

81
Q

Canalicular Adenoma

A

Salivary gland tumor commonly found on the upper lip

82
Q 
Warthin's tumor
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

(papillary cystic lympomatosum)
benign tumor
almost always in the parotid, can be bilateral
associated with smoking

83
Q 
Sjogren's Syndrome
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Autoimmune disease that attacks the salivary glands and lacrimal glands
Bilateral swelling of parotid glands
parotid glands, lacrimal glands
Xerostomia and Xeropthalmia
Secondary Sjogren’s includes a second autoimmune disease

84
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patch that does not rub off

term only used when the white lesion cant be anything else

85
Q

what are the 4 things leukoplakia could be

A

hyperkeratosis (95%)
dysplasia
carcinoma in situ
squamous cell carcinoma

86
Q

what is erythroplakia

A

red patch that doesn’t rub off

much more commonly dysplasia or SCC than leukoplakia

87
Q 
Actinic Chelitis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Premalignant change of lower lip vermillion
causes atrophy of vermillion border
lower lip
due to excessive exposure to UV, 6-10% of cases are cancer

88
Q 
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
contributing factors?
Treatment?
A

most common intra-oral cancer
Many forms, non-healing ulcer, red or white patch, mass
most common on lateral border of the tongue and floor of the mouth
smoking, drinking, HPV, genetic effects

89
Q 
Verroucus Carcinoma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
A

Low grade form of squamous cell carcinoma
slow growing warty, rough, white surface
found anywhere
low tendancy to metastisize

90
Q 
Basal Cell carcinoma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
A

Painless ulcer on sun exposed face
Raised rolled border with central depression or ulceration
above the lip tragus line, never in mouth
doesn’t typically metastisize
telangiectasia

91
Q

Alveolar Osteitis
What is it?
Treatment?

A

Dry socket, Exposed bone following EXT

radiograph to rule out root tip or foreign body, irrigate with warm saline, don’t curretage, analgesics

92
Q 
Rarefying Osteitis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
different types?
Treatment?
A

The destruction of bone around the apex of a non-vital tooth
radiolucency around apex of tooth
radicular cyst, granuloma, abscess
Endo/EXT

93
Q

Condensing Osteitis
What is it?
What is it’s appearance?
Treatment?

A

A sclerotic band of bone surrounding rarefying osteitis
RO border around RL lesion at apex of necrotic tooth
Endo/EXT

94
Q 
Idiopathic Osteosclerosis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

non-inflammatory portion of more dense bone
radiopaque area that blends with the trabeculae
not fused to root or associated with RL lesion
no treatment needed

95
Q 
Chronic Osteomyelitis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
A

Acute/Chronic bone inflammation away from the initial site caused by staph/strep
Large diffuse, not well defined area of “MOTH EATEN” bone
pain is common

96
Q 
Osteomyelitis with proliferative periostitis
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

inflammation of the bone spreading to the periosteum
periostium lifts and deposits bone creating onion skin appearance
commonly found in young people, on mandible

97
Q

What is the most common developmental cyst

A

dentigerous cyst

98
Q 
Dentigerous cyst 
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

expansion of the follicle around an unerupted tooth
radiolucency around the crown of a tooth attached to CEJ
most common on unerupted 3rd molars and max canines
RL area around crown of tooth (must be at least 2mm to be pathologic)
may transform into ameloblastoma or SCC

99
Q

Lateral Periodontal Cyst

A

true odontogenic cyst forms lateral to the root of a tooth

typically in premolar canine area

100
Q 
Odontogenic Keratocyst
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

odontogenic Cyst with high recurrence rate
mimics anything, unilocular/multilocular, apical, lateral, small or large
only in odontogenic areas
Associated with Gorlin Syndrome
Treatment = enucleation, curretage, rinse of some sort

101
Q

Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst
What is it?
What is it’s appearance?
Key identifiers?

A

Only cyst that can be mixed RL/RO (odontogenic tumors may be mixed)
Histologic Ghost Cells

102
Q 
Ameloblastoma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Most common true odontogenic tumor
radiolucency with soap bubble appearance, may be unilocular
common in 24-40 year olds, most common in posterior mandible
causes expansion

103
Q 
Ameloblastic Fibroma/ Ameloblastic Fibro-odontoma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

odontogenic tumor precursor to odontoma
AF = completely RL, AFO = mixed RL/RO
typically in the posterior mandible of <20 year olds

104
Q

Odontoma
What is it?
What is it’s appearance?
What types?

A

Tumor of tooth tissues
Radiopaque area, radiolucent rim, surrounded by RO line
Compound = toothlets (anterior Max)
Complex = large unidentifiable mass (posterior mandible)

105
Q

Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor
What is it?
Key identifiers?
Radiographic Appearance?

A 
2/3 tumor
2/3 teens
2/3 females
2/3 anterior jaw
2/3 maxilla
may be RL or mixed
mixed has snowflake calcifications
106
Q 
Odontogenic Myxoma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

benign odontogenic tumor of connective tissue
appears with honeycomb or tennis racket appearance (septations at 90 degrees)
found in younger patients <30

107
Q 
Nasopalatine Duct Cyst
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key Identifiers?
A

Non-odontogenic cyst in the incisive canal
may have palatal swelling, heart shaped RL lesion at max midline
Heart Shaped RL lesions at max midline

108
Q

What is the most common non-odontogenic developmental cyst

A

Nasopalatine Duct Cyst (incisive canal cyst)

109
Q 
Nasolabial Cyst
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
A

Soft tissue Cyst, not in bone
smooth swelling adjacent to max lat incisor
causes elevation of ala
no radiographic changes

110
Q 
Idiopathic Bone Cavity
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

simple bone cyst, traumatic bone cyst (it is an empty cavity in the bone) unknown cause
RL lesion with interdental scalloping
usually in mandibular premolar area
treatment = opening cavity = spontaneous healing

111
Q 
Mucous Retention pseudocyst
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

accumulation of mucus under the lining of the sinus
dome shaped RO lesion in the sinus, non-corticated
max sinus
no treatment necessary

112
Q 
Stafne Defect
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Depression in the mandible caused by submandibular salivary gland
RL lesion with thick corticated superior border
Below IAC usually at the angle of mandible
No treatment

113
Q 
Osteoma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Benign tumor of bone
Irregularly shaped radioopaque mass
multiple Osteomas associated with Garner’s syndrome

114
Q

What is osteoma cutis

A

osteomas in skin/buccal mucosa

115
Q

multiple _______’s are associated with Garners Syndrome

A

osteomas

116
Q

What are the Giant Cell Lesions

A

Central giant Cell granuloma
Hyperparathydroidism
Cherubism

117
Q 
Central Giant Cell Granuloma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
A

Giant Cell tumor
Soap bubble appearance and expansion (resembles ameloblastoma) commonly causes root resorption
Typically found in females <30 in anterior mandible

118
Q 
Cherubism
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
A

Multilocular radiolucent lesions in the jaws
bilateral, multilocular, expansile lesions in the jaw
begins between 1-4 years old
BILATERAL, expansile lesions

119
Q 
Hyperparathyroidism
What is it?
Radiographic appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

Parathyroid gland hyperfunction
granular, salt and pepper, ground glass bone
loss of lamina dura
painful bones, renal stones, abdominal groans, psychotic moans

120
Q

Focal Cemento-Osseous Dsyplasia
What is it?
radiographic appearance?
Where is it typically located?

A

dysplasia, typically asymptomatic
RL or Mixed lesion (rarely RO)
Single lesion, not in anterior mandible
no treatment necessary

121
Q

Periapical Cemento-Osseous Dsyplasia
What is it?
radiographic appearance?
Where is it typically located?

A

dysplasia, typically asymptomatic
RL or Mixed lesion (rarely RO)
involves mandibular anterior teeth
no treatment necessary

122
Q

Florid Cemento-Osseous Dsyplasia
What is it?
radiographic appearance?
Where is it typically located?

A

dysplasia, typically asymptomatic
RL or Mixed lesion (rarely RO)
involves multiple quadrants

123
Q 
Fibrous Dysplasia
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A

painless unilateral Swelling of the jaw of genetic cause
ground glass appearance of bone, causing expansion
early onset, stops at age 20
Treatment = cosmetic bone after growth cessation

124
Q 
Paget's disease of bone
What is it?
radiographic appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
Treatment?
A 
abnormal resorption and deposition of bone causing weakened deformed bone
cotton wool appearance of bone
excessive hypercementosis
enlargement of jaws
increased risk of osteosarcoma
occurs in >40 year olds
125
Q 
Melanotic Neuroectodermal tumor of infancy
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
A

tumor with rapid onset
Radiolucency in anterior maxilla
increase in VMA
destructive tumor

126
Q

Osteopetrosis
What is it?
What is it’s appearance?
Where is it typically located?

A

Defect in osteoclasts causing increased bone density and osteomyelitis
can cause cranial nerve compression and bone fractures

127
Q 
Neurofibroma/Schwannoma
What is it?
What is it's appearance?
Where is it typically located?
what to look out for?
Treatment?
A

Tumor of nerve tissue or schwann cells
causes enlargement of canals and/or foramina
Look out for hemangioma
always aspirate before biopsy to rule out vascular in nature

128
Q

Most common primary bone cancer

A

osteosarcoma

129
Q

Most common cancer in bone

A

Metastisized lesions

130
Q

what is the numb chin syndrome

A

parasthesia of lower lip often caused by malignancies

131
Q 
Osteosarcoma
What is it?
radiographic appearance?
Where is it typically located?
Key identifiers?
A

Malignant connective tissue lesions
poorly defined, sun-ray appearance, irregular widening of PDL space
causes swelling of bone, loose teeth, paresthesia

132
Q

Cleidocranial dysplasia

Radiographic/clinical findings

A

multiple unerupted supernumerary teeth

hypoplasia/aplasia of clavicle

133
Q

Ectodermal dysplasia

Radiographic/clinical findings

A

hypodontia, conical shaped teeth

fine sparse hair, decreased heat tolerance

134
Q

Multiple endocrine neoplasia

Radiographic/clinical findings

A

oral mucosal neuromas
medullary carcinoma of thyroid
pheochromocytoma of adrenal gland

135
Q

Neurofibromatosis

Radiographic/clinical findings

A

multiple neurofibromas
cafe au lait spots
axillary freckling
lisch nodules

136
Q

Peutz Jegher syndrome

Radiographic/clinical findings

A

numerous melanotic macules

intestinal polyps

137
Q

Gardner syndrome

Radiographic/clinical findings

A

Osteomas that may block eruption
polyps that become malignant
epidermoid cysts on skin

138
Q

Treacher Collins syndrome (mandibulofacial dysostosis)

Radiographic/clinical findings

A

Deformed ears/hearing loss
Coloboma - lower eyelid fissure
convex profile, Bird face

139
Q 
Gorlin Syndrome (nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome)
Radiographic/clinical findings
A 
Multiple basal cell carcinomas
Odontogenic Keratocysts
Calcified falx cerebri
rib anomalies
palmar plantar pits
ocular hypertelorism
enlarged head
spina bifida
140
Q

Hypercementosis

Radiographic findings

A

too much cementum, regular PDL space

(generalized hypercementosis = paget’s disease

141
Q

Cementoblastoma

Radiographic findings

A

large mass of cementum with radiolucent rim around it, causing root resorption

142
Q

Ankylosis

A

tooth fused to bone, shortened root, no PDL space

143
Q

Dens Evaginatus

A

cusp like elevation of enamel

most common on mandibular premolars

144
Q

Dens Invaginatus

A

tooth in tooth

most common on max laterals

145
Q

Attrition

A

wear from tooth to tooth contact

146
Q

abrasion

A

pathologic wear from an external agent

147
Q

Erosion

A

pathologic wear due to chemicals

perimolysis = erosion from gastric regurgitation

148
Q

Abfraction

A

loss of tooth structure from flexion and failure of enamel/dentin caused by occlusion

149
Q

hypoplastic Amelogenesis Imperfecta

A

not enough enamel, rough and pitted enamel

150
Q

hypocalcified amelogenesis imperfecta

A

regular thickness that is soft and easily breaks off

151
Q

hypomature amelogenesis imperfecta

A

regular thickness, soft, “snow capped”

152
Q

What disease causes picket fence look of teeth

A

amelogenesis imperfecta

153
Q

Dentinogenesis imperfecta

A 
teeth are translucent (blue to brown)
bulbous crowns, cervical constriction
thin tapered roots
obliteration of root canals and pulp chamber
"Golf ball on a tee"
154
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta
what is it?
what are the clinical signs?

A

Genetic disease that leads to defective collagen
opalescent teeth, brittle bones and fractures
blue sclera, bowing of legs
blue brown discoloration of teeth

155
Q

Type 1 Dentin Dysplasia

A 
Developmental defect of dentin
radicular type
rootless teeth
pulpal obliteration
tooth mobility
156
Q

Type 2 dentin dysplasia

A

developmental defect of dentin
coronal type
enlarged thistle tube shaped pulp chambers

157
Q

Progressive Systemic Sclerosis
what is it?
Oral symptoms

A

autoimmune disease causing hardening of the skin

Trismus, generalized widening of PDL space

158
Q

Condylar hyperplasia

what is it? symptoms?

A

enlarged condyle

causes deviation away from affected side

NBDE 2 (6 decks)

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