Pathology

Question 1

What part vessels respond to NO

Answer 1

Tunica media

Question 2

What vessels control resistance?

Answer 2

Arteriole

Question 3

Sinusoids capillary

Answer 3

Wider (lots of blood filtration), in liver, spleen and bone marrow

Question 4

What vessel is most blood in?

Answer 4

2/3 blood in veins

Question 5

What vessels have valves?

Answer 5

Veins, extension of tunica intima

Question 6

What vessels have valves?

Answer 6

Veins, extension of tunica intima (Lymphatics also have valves)ii

Question 7

Purkinje fibers are below what layer heart?

Answer 7

Below Endocardium, communicate via gap junctions

Question 8

Monckeberg arteriosclerosis

Answer 8

Does not obstruct flow

Question 9

Arteriolosclerosis 2 types

Answer 9

1.Hyaline arteriolosclerosis (diabetes, essential HTN) 2.Hyper plastic😩 Arteriolosclerosis- Onion skin (malignant HTN)

Question 10

atherosclerosis

Answer 10

• Atheromas intima of blood vessels (inflammatory disease of intima)
• Injury to endothelium, cholesterol gets inside injury (fatty streaks) and then inflammatory response, necrosis and calcification

Question 11

Familial hypercholesterolemia

Answer 11

• Autosomal dominate
• MI in twenties
• xanthelasma

Question 12

Stable angina is caused by what?

Answer 12

narrow lumen, but blood still goes through

Question 13

Virchow’s triad

Answer 13

• Endothelial
• hyper coagulability
• stasis blood flow

Question 14

MI

Answer 14

Rupture plaque and necrosis, clotted off

Question 15

MI how old?

Answer 15

< 10 hours= no change

1 day old= no nuclei (coagulation necrosis), contraction bands (thick pink bands)

1-4 days= acute inflammatory reaction with neutrophils, coagulation necrosis

4-10 days = tan/yellow grossly, point maximal weakness (need control BP), macrophages arrive clean up mess, RUPTURE

10 day - 3 weeks = scar, granulation tissue

3 weeks plus= white scar grossly, dense collagen (blue)

Question 16

Reperfusion for MI (Window 90 minutes)

Answer 16

chance injury, hemorrhage/rupture

Question 17

What do people die from hours after MI

Answer 17

Arrhythmias

Question 18

4-10 days post MI risk

Answer 18

Rupture which lead to cardiac tamponade

Question 19

HF causes

Answer 19

Ischemic HD

Cardiomyopathy

HTN

Question 20

Anatomic changes to heart from HF

Answer 20

• Cardiac chamber dilation,
• change from a conical to spherical shaped,
• interstitial fibrosis

Question 21

Types cardiomyopathy

Answer 21

• Dilated (most common), 4 chambers, alcohol
• hypertrophic (autosomal dominate), all chamber (septum biggest)
• Restrictive, amyloidosis ( 🍏apple green bireferiengence, Congo red stain)
• arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (young person die and doesn’t have hypertrophic)
• aneuryms (AAA, berry aneurysm circle Willis = subarachnoid hemorrhage, syphillis)

Question 22

Marian syndrome

Answer 22

• fibrillin gene mutated
• autosomal dominate
• mitral regurgitation, aortic dilation/aneurysm
• Long arms and long slender fingers

Question 23

RHeumatic heart diseas

Answer 23

Post strep pyogenes infection

cause pancarditis

fucpsed chordae - impair mitral valve lead to regurgitation (fish mouth valve)

Question 24

Dental work put at risk with what infection that effect heart?

Answer 24

Strep viridans

Question 25

Mitral valve prolapse

Answer 25

Puffy pillows for valves, happens with marfans, women more than men

Question 26

Fibrocalcific aortic stenosis

Answer 26

• degenertive process
• bicuspid aorta higher risk happening sooner

Question 27

Myocarditis cause

Answer 27

chagas disease, get south america

Question 28

Pericarditis

Answer 28

• painful
• serous lupus
• purulent bacterial infection

Question 29

Atrial myxoma

Answer 29

• frequent primary cardiac tumor
• looks like ball blocking atria