Nephrology Flashcards
What is the force called that pushes fluid out?
Hydrostatic pressure
What is the force called that pulls things back into blood? What in blood predominately effects this?
Onconic pressure, albumin
What does angiotensin II do?
Vasoconstrict efferent capillary kidney, increase filtration fraction, back up blood into bowman space
What is the predominate factor effecting GFR?
Renal blood flow
What happen if afferent arteries constricted (renal artery stenosis) or have reduced flow?
Decrease GFR -> increase RAS -> increase BP -> release angiotensin II -> increase filtration fraction (but will compensate just enough so within normal limits)
Prostaglandins do what to kidney?
Relax afferent arteriole, NSAIDs vasoconstric afferent (decrease GFR)
ACE inhibitor effect on kidney?
Block angiotensin II, so efferent arteriole of kidney relax, so decrease filtration fraction, increase creatinin, decrease GFR, so help protect kidney
Loop diuretic
Block Cl-, Na+, K+ from leaving so excrete,
Thiazides
Do opposite of loop diuretic, absorb more calcium, Na+, K+
Patient has hyperkalemia, what could be cause?
Low GFR, so K+ doesn’t have chance to filter out
Fanconi syndrome
Proximal tubule, carbonic anhydrase inhibitor causes renal tubular acidosis type II
Hypoaldosterone
Type 4 renal tubular acidosis, diabetes and medications can cause, effect collecting duct portion
ADH
Concentrates urine, volume depletion trumps osmolarity in regulating ADH Low sodium, cause increase ADH Low volume cause increase ADH
Nephrotic syndrome messes with?
Podocytes = lots protein loss = loss albumin = decrease onconic pressure = edema
Nephrotic syndrome messes with?
Podocytes = lots protein loss = loss albumin = decrease onconic pressure = edema
- Oval fat bodies
