Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Boards > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

What are examples of granulomatous diseases?

A 
tuberculosis
fungal infections (ie histoplasmosis)
syphilis
leprosy
cat scratch fever
sarcoidosis
crohn's disease
berylliosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the differences between transudate and exudate?

A

Transudate:
hypocellular, protein poor, specific gravity < 1.012, due to increased hydrostatic pressure/decreased oncotic pressure/na retention

exudate: cellular, protein rich, specific gravity > 1.020, due to lymphatic obstruction/inflammation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What neoplasm is associated with Down syndrome?

A

ALL, AML

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What neoplasm is associated with xeroderma pigmentosum and albinism?

A

melanoma, basal cell carcinoma and especially squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What neoplasm is associated with chronic atrophic gastritis, pernicious anemia, postsurgical gastric remnants?

A

gastric adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What neoplasm is associated with tuberous sclerosis?

A

astrocytoma, angiomyolipoma, and cardiac rhabdomyoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What neoplasm is associated with Plummer-Vinson syndrome (atrophic glossitis, esophageal webs, anemia ll due to iron deficiency)

A

squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What neoplasm is associated with cirrhosis?

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What neoplasm is associated with ulcerative colitis?

A

colonic adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What neoplasm is associated with Paget’s disease of the bone?

A

2* osteosarcoma and fibroscarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What neoplasm is associated with immunodeficiency states?

A

malignant lymphomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What neoplasm is associated with AIDS?

A

aggressive malignant lymphomas (non-Hodgkins) and Kaposi’s sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What neoplasm is associated with autoimmune diseases?

A

lymphoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What neoplasm is associated with acanthosis nigricans?

A

visceral malignancy (stomach, lung, breast, uterus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What neoplasm is associated with dysplastic nevus?

A

malignant melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What neoplasm is associated with radiation exposure?

A

sarcoma, papillary thyroid cancer?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What tumor is associated with the oncogene abl?

A

CML –> tyrosine kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What tumor is associated with the oncogene c-myc?

A

Burkitt’s lmphoma –> TF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What tumor is associated with the oncogene bcl-2?

A

follicular and undifferentiated lymphomas –> anti-apoptotic molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What tumor is associated with the oncogene erb-B2?

A

breast, ovarian and gastric carcinomas –> tyrosine kinase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What tumor is associated with the oncogene ras?

A

colon carcinoma –> GTPase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What tumor is associated with the oncogene L-myc?

A

lung tumor –> TF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What tumor is associated with the oncogene N-myc?

A

nueroblastoma –> TF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What tumor is associated with the oncogene ret?

A

multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) types 2A and 2B

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What tumor is associated with the oncogene c-kit?

A

gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) –> cytokine tumor?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What tumor is associated with the tumor suppressor gene Rb (13q)?

A

retinoblastoma, osteosarcoma

rb gene blocks G1 –> S phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What tumor is associated with the tumor suppressor gene p53 (17p)?

A

most human cancers, Li- Graumeni syndrome

p53 blocks G1–> S phase

28
Q

What tumor is associated with the tumor suppressor gene BRCA1?

A

breast and ovarian cancer

DNA repair protein

29
Q

What tumor is associated with the tumor suppressor gene BRCA2?

A

breast cancer

DNA repair protein

30
Q

What tumor is associated with the tumor suppressor gene p16 (9p)?

A

melanoma

31
Q

What tumor is associated with the tumor suppressor gene APC (5q)

A

colorectal cancer (associated with FAP)

32
Q

What tumor is associated with the tumor suppressor gene WT1 (11p)

A

Wilm’s tumor

33
Q

What tumor is associated with the tumor suppressor gene NF1(17q)

A

neurofibromatosis type 1

34
Q

What tumor is associated with the tumor suppressor gene NF2 (22q)?

A

neurofibromatosis type 2

35
Q

What tumor is associated with the tumor suppressor gene DPC (18q)

A

pancreatic cancer

“DPC- deleted in pancreatic cancer”

36
Q

What tumor is associated with the tumor suppressor gene DCC (18q)?

A

colon cancer

“DCC- deleted in colon cancer”

37
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker PSA suggest?

A

prostate carcinoma, but can also be elevated in BPH and prostatitis

38
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker prostatic acid phosphatase suggest?

A

prostate carcinoma

39
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker CEA suggest?

A

nonspecific but produced by 70% of colorectal and pancreatic cancers, also produced by gastric, breast, and thyroid medullary carcinomas

40
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker alpha-fetoprotein suggest?

A

normally made by fetus, but elevated in hepatocellular carcinoma, nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis (yolk sac tumor)

41
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker b-HCG suggest?

A

Hydatidiform moles
Choriocarcinomas
Gestational trophoblastic tumors

42
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker CA-125 suggest?

A

ovarian, malignant epithelial tumors

43
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker S-100 suggest?

A

melanoma, neural tumors, astrocytomas

44
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker alkaline phosphatase suggest?

A

metastases to bone, obstructive biliary disease, Paget’s disease of bone

45
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker bomesin suggest?

A

neuroblastoma, lung and gastric cancer

46
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker TRAP (tartate-resistant acid phosphatase) suggest?

A

hairy cell leukemia (B cell neoplasm)

47
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker 19-9 suggest?

A

pancreatic adenocarcinoma

48
Q

What does the elevated tumor marker calcitonin suggest?

A

thyroid medullary carcinoma

49
Q

What organ is affected by aflatoxins?

A

liver (hepatocellular carcinoma)

50
Q

What organ is affected by vinyl chloride?

A

liver (angiosarcoma)

51
Q

What organ is affected by CCl4?

A

liver (centrilolobular necrosis, fatty change)

52
Q

What organ is affected by nitroamines (eg in smoked foods)?

A

esophagus, stomach

53
Q

What organ is affected by cigarette smoke?

A

larynx (squamous cell carcinoma), lung (squamous cell and small cell carcinomas)

54
Q

What organ is affected by asbestos?

A

lung (mesothelioma and bronchogenic carcinoma)

55
Q

What organ is affected by arsenic?

A

skin (squamous cell carcinoma), liver (angiosarcoma)

56
Q

What organ is affected by naphthalene (aniline) dyes?

A

bladder (transitional cell carcinoma)

57
Q

What organ is affected by alkylating agents?

A

blood (leukemia)

58
Q

What cancer can cause a Cushing’s syndrome effect?

A

small cell lung carcinoma via ACTH or ACTH-like peptide

59
Q

What cancer can cause SIADH?

A

small cell lung carcinoma and intracranial neoplasms?

60
Q

What cancer can cause hypercalcemia?

A

small cell lung carcinoma, renal cell carcinoma, and breast carcinoma via PTH-related peptide, TGF-beta, TNF or IL-1

61
Q

What cancer can cause polycythemia?

A

renal cell carcinoma, hemangioblastoma, hepatocellular carcinoma, and pheochromocytoma via erythropoietin

62
Q

What cancer can cause Lambert-Eaton syndrome?

A

thymoma, small cell lung carcinoma via antibodies against presynaptic Ca2+ channels

63
Q

What cancer can cause gout/urate nephropathy?

A

leukemias and lymphomas via hyperuricemia due to excess nucleic acid turnover?

64
Q

What neoplasms are psammoma bodies characteristic of?

A 
PSaMMoma:
Papillary (thyroid)
Serious (ovary)
Meningioma
Mesothelioma
65
Q

What are the primary tumors that metastasize to the brain?

A

Lots of Bad Stuff Kills Glia

lung, breast, skin (melanoma), kidney (renal cell carcinoma), GI

66
Q

What are the primary tumors that metastasize to the liver?

A

Cancer Sometimes Penetrates Benign Liver

Colon > Stomach > Pancreas > Breast > Lung

67
Q

What are the primary tumors that metastasize to the bone?

A

prostate, thyroid, testes, breast, lung, kidney

breast and prostate are most common

Boards (9 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions