Pathology

Question 1

What is the tx for clefting

Answer 1

> 10: weeks, lbs, g/dl of hemoglobin
primary lip clousure first months of life
repair of palate 12-18 months of age
Interceptive ortho 5-7 yrs of age
Bone grafting of alveolar clefts 9-11 yrs
comprehensive ortho and orthognathic surgery >12yrs

Question 2

hypoparathyrodism

Answer 2

decrease in PTH levels.
PTH controls calcium levels in body.
PTH acts on osteoclasts.
Sx: Chvostek's sign, pitted enamel, tooth eruption failure
tx; Vit D and Ca supplements

Question 3

What are the clinical signs of hyperparathyroidism

Answer 3

Renal stones
Painful bones
Abdominal groans
Psychic moans

Question 4

Hyperthyroidism

Answer 4

Grave’s disease
increased metabolic rate
thyroid storm
Tx: radioactive iodine, methimazole, thyroidectomy

Question 5

hypothyrodism

Answer 5

Children: Cretinism
Adults:Hashimoto’s thyroiditis
signs: lethargy, dry skin, swelling in face and extremities, cool to touch skin, thickened lips and enlarged tongue
Tx; Levothyroxine (thyroid replacement therapy)

Question 6

Acromegaly

Answer 6

Excessive growth hormone due to functional pituitary adenoma.
complaint that gloves and hats not fitting any more.

Question 7

Paget’s disease

Answer 7

cotton wool appearance.

Question 8

CREST Syndrome

Answer 8

Calcinosis cutis
Raynaud's phenomenon
Esophageal dysmotility
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasias

Question 9

Addison’s disease

Answer 9

Primary hypoadrenocorticism.

Test; elevated levels of ACTH

Question 10

McCune-Albright syndrome

Answer 10

Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.
hyper function of one or more endrocrine glands
Cafe au lait pigmentation irregular. Cost of Maine

Question 11

Neurofibromatosis

Answer 11

Cafe au lait pigmentation regular. Coast of Ca

Question 12

Periapical cyst/radicular cysts

Answer 12

sources of epithelial cells are derived from the rests of Malassez

Question 13

What is Nikolsky’s sign

Answer 13

rubbing of uninvolved mucosa creates a blister.

Pemphigus Vulgaris

Question 14

Pemphigus vulgaris

Answer 14

Row of tombstones on basal membrane (palisaded)
Tzancks cells.
Tx; Azathioprine (steroid)

Question 15

Pemphigoid

Answer 15

Subconjunctival fibrosis
Adhesions.
Scarring may lead to blindness

Question 16

Lichen planus

Answer 16

Cell mediated hypersensitivity.
Reticular and Erosive.
Saw tooth rete ridges and Civatte bodies.

Question 17

Erythema multiform

Answer 17

Minor: triggered by HSV
Major (Steven-Johnson) syndrome, triggered by drugs
Severe: Toxic epidermal necrolysis.

Tx. Remove causative drugs, steroids, TEN treated in hospital burn unit.

Question 18

What are the two most common manifestations of group A coxsackievirus

Answer 18

Herpangina

Hand, foot and mouth disease.

Question 19

Varicella Zoster

Answer 19

Primary: Varicella
Recurrent: Zoster or shingles

Question 20

Actinomycosis

Answer 20

Gram positive anaerobic bacteria: A. Israelii, naeslundi, viscous.
Wooden induration with central spot.
Sulfur granules in pus.

Question 21

Histoplasmosis

Answer 21

Fungal infection; Histoplasma capsulatum
Endemic to Miss-Ohio-Miso river basin
Contamination from birds and bats.
Coin lesion on chest X-ray.
Tx; Amphotericin or imidazole

Question 22

Syphilis

Answer 22

Treponema pallidum
Primary; Chancre (3wks)
Secondary; maculopapular rashes (4-10 wks)
Tertiary; Gumma develop, peptic glossitis (1-20 yrs)

Question 23

Congenital syphilis

Answer 23

Hutchinson’s triad; screwdriver like incisors, mulberry molars, Interstitial keratitis, 8th nerve deafness.
Saddle nose
high arched palate
frontal bossing
short maxilla.
Tx; primary and secondary with Benzathine penicillin

Question 24

Multiform Endocrine Neoplasia (MEN)

Answer 24

MEN I (P) organs; Pancreas, parathyroid and pituitary tumors.

Question 25

Neurilemoma (Schawannoma)

Answer 25

Antoni Α; organized spindle cells forming Verocay bodies.

Antoni b ; Spindle cells that are randomly arranged.