Operative

Question 1

What are the saliva antimicrobial properties

Answer 1

Proteins, enzymes and antibodies
Lysozymes: destroy cell walls
Lactoferrin: actively binds to iron
Lactoperoxidaze: Inactivates bacterial enzymes
Type A secretory Immunoglobulins; fight against S. mutants attacks.

Question 2

What’s in saliva that helps remineralization

Answer 2

Calcium
Phosphate
Potassium
fluoride ions 
Statherin
cystatins
Histatins
proline-rich proteins

Question 3

What problems come from reduce salivary flow

Answer 3

Prolonged pH depression
Decreased:
antibacterial effects
ions available for remi
elimination of microorganism

Question 4

When should testing for S. mutant count should be done

Answer 4

Pt has one or more medical risk factors
pt has undergone antimicrobial therapy
pt presents with new incipient lesions
pt is undergoing orthodontic care

Question 5

What interventions are recommended for high caries risk

Answer 5

3 month recall, prophy and Fl application
OHI with aids 
dietary counseling
bitewings every 6-12 months
Rx dentifrice 
Xylitol gum, rinse

Question 6

What interventions are recommended for moderate caries risk

Answer 6

4-6 month recall, prophy and FL application
reinforce OHI and diet.
Fl dentifrice and OTC rinse.

Question 7

What are frank caries

Answer 7

caries that have progressed just into the DEJ

Question 8

What are the zones of carious enamel

Answer 8

Surface; seems unaffected by caries.
Body; Largest zone, demineralizing phase
Dark zone; Inability to transmit polarized light
Translucent: deepest

Question 9

What zones of carious dentin can be remineralized

Answer 9

the first three
Normal
Subtransparent
Transparent

Question 10

What zones of carious dentin are infected and must be removed

Answer 10

Infected and Turbid

Question 11

Initial pathway of demineralization on root caries is along the

Answer 11

Sharpey’s fibers of the cementum

Question 12

What are the sign of rampant caries

Answer 12

Acute onset
often associated with pain
Deep and narrow presentation results in large cavitation

Question 13

What are the seven common medication categories that reduce salivary function

Answer 13

Anticholinergics; 
Antipsychotics
Antihistamines 
Anesthetics (Local)
Benzodiazepines
Beta-blockers
Diuretics

Question 14

Anticholinergic examples

Answer 14

Atropine, Scopolamine, Glycopyrolate

Question 15

Diuretic examples

Answer 15

Hydrochlorothiazide

Question 16

Antipsychotics examples

Answer 16

Chlorpromazine

Question 17

Beta blocker examples

Answer 17

Atenolol

Question 18

Benzodiazepine examples

Answer 18

Alprazolam

Question 19

Antihistamine example

Answer 19

Chlorpheniramine

Question 20

What is the criteria for diagnosing Pit and Fissure caries

Answer 20

FLOSS
Flakiness of enamel
Loss of translucency
Opacity
Stickiness
Softening of the base of the pit and fissure

Question 21

O caries are better detected on what type of RG

Answer 21

Pano

Question 22

design of a chisel

Answer 22

cutting edge makes a 90 degree angle with the plane of the blade, blade has a one sided bevel

Question 23

Chisels are used to

Answer 23

Plane and cleave enamel

Question 24

The Chisel family is

Answer 24

CHAD
Chisels
Hoes 
Angle formers
Discoids and cleoids

Question 25

Design of a hatchet

Answer 25

Cutting edge is parallel with the plane of instrument, blade that ends in a cutting edge in the plane of the handle.

Question 26

Hatchet family

Answer 26

HEG Hatchets Excavators Gingival marginal trimmers

Question 27

What is ultimate strength

Answer 27

Point on the stress-strain curve at which fracture occurs .

Question 28

What is percolation

Answer 28

intermittent inlet and outlet of fluid leakage that can result in marginal decay.

Question 29

What is the thermal conductivity of Tooth, ama, comp and gold

Answer 29

Tooth .002 Composite .002 Amalgam .05 Gold .7 degrees C/cm

Question 30

What is the elastic limit

Answer 30

greatest stress an object can be subjected to in which it can still return to its original dimensions. Gold->Enamel->amalgam->composite->dentin

Question 31

What is proportionate limit

Answer 31

Stress at which the material no longer functions as elastic

Question 32

Yield point

Answer 32

point at which permanent deformation takes place

Question 33

What factors increase amalgam setting expansion

Answer 33

more free mercury shorter trituration time Small condensation pressure Increased particle size

Question 34

How does Cu contribute to amalgam alloys

Answer 34

Elimination of gamma 2 | decrease in creep

Question 35

What is the byproduct in amalgam that decreases marginal leakage

Answer 35

Tin sulfide

Question 36

size of fine filler particles

Answer 36

0.5 to 3 micrometers

Question 37

size of microfine filler particles

Answer 37

0.04 micrometers

Question 38

What is mycrohybrid composite

Answer 38

combo of 0.04 and .5 to 3

Question 39

What is the initiator in self cure systems and the activator

Answer 39

benzoyl peroxide and a tertiary amine

Question 40

What is the filler content of flowable composite

Answer 40

<50%by vol

Question 41

What is the filler content of condensable composites

Answer 41

>65%

Question 42

What is the average thickness of a base

Answer 42

1-2 mm

Question 43

What i the average thickness of a cement

Answer 43

0.5 mm

Question 44

What is the thickness of a liner

Answer 44

5 microns

Question 45

What material is mostly used for final cementation of crown and bridges

Answer 45

GI | Zinc polycarboxylate

Question 46

What is ZOE composed of

Answer 46

``` Zinc oxide rosin zinc acetate accelerator Eugenol liquid ```

Question 47

What is a base used for

Answer 47

provide support and thermal protection for the pulp

Question 48

CaOH base is used under

Answer 48

amalgam and composite restorations

Question 49

What bases are used under gold restorations

Answer 49

Zinc phosphate or zinc polycarboxylate

Question 50

What base is used as a direct pulp cap

Answer 50

zinc phosphate cement over CaOH

Question 51

What is a liner

Answer 51

suspension of Dycal in water

Question 52

What is a varnish

Answer 52

solution liners of resin (Copalite) in liquid | Do not use with composites

Question 53

What are factors that might precipitate rampant caries

Answer 53

``` histological disadvantages poor hygiene drug abuse High-sugar diets decreased salivary conditions ```

Question 54

What are six caries high risk factors

Answer 54

``` Restoration w/i the past three years visible cavitation Appliances visible plaque Inadequate saliva frequent carb intake ```

Question 55

What are filler particles made up of for composites

Answer 55

Crystalline silica (quartz) Lithium aluminum silicate glasses

Question 56

What is it used to form the matrix of composites

Answer 56

Bis-GMA (dimethacrylate) | UDMA (Oligomers)

Question 57

What is the coupling agent of composites

Answer 57

silane

Question 58

What initiators are used for composites

Answer 58

Benzoyl peroxide diketone Camphorquinone