Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

First Aid STEP 1 - Psychiatry > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The 4 W’s: Weak, Wordless, Wanting (socially), and Wary are descriptive of what psychiatric pathology?

A

Infant Deprivation Effects

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Spiral fractures are highly suggestive of what?

A

child abuse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are signs of sexual abuse?

A

genital, anal, or oral trauma
STIs
UTIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Who is usually the physical abuser or a child?

A

biological mother

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is usually the sexual abuser of a child?

A

known to victim, usually male

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the MC form of child maltreatment?

A

child neglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

If suspicious, what MUST a physician report to child protective services?

A

child abuse AND child neglect

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

At what age must ADHD be diagnosed?

A

onset before age 12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are findings of a patient with ADHD?

A

hyperactivity
impulsivity
inattention in multiple settings
NORMAL intelligence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the treatment for ADHD?

A

methylphenidate
amphetamines
atomoxetine
behavioral interventions (reinforcement, reward)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

After age 18, those that have conduct disorder will meet the criteria for which diagnosis?

A

antisocial personality disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is oppositional defiant disorder?

A

enduring pattern of hostile, defiant behavior toward authority figures in the absence of serious violations of social norms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What age is Tourette Syndrome diagnosed?

A

onset before age 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the time frame that Tourette Syndrome must reach before its diagnosis?

A

> 1 year

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the treatment for Tourette Syndrome?

A

antipsychotics and behavioral therapy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

At what age is separation anxiety disorder typically seen?

A

ages 7-9 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the treatment for separation anxiety disorder?

A

SSRIs and relation techniques/behavioral interventions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are findings of a person with autism?

A

poor social interactions
communication deficits
repetitive/ritualized behaviors
restricted interests

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When must autistic tendencies first present

A

MUST present in early childhood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Is autism for prevalent in boys or girls?

A

boys

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are findings of a person with Rett Disorder?

A 
loss of development
loss of verbal abilities
intellectual disability
ataxia
stereotyped hand-wringing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When do symptoms of Rett Disorder typically arise?

A

ages 1-4 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Is Rett Disorder more often seen in boys or girls

A

almost exclusively in girls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What NT are seen in Alzheimer disease?

A

decrease in ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What NT are seen in anxiety?

A

increase in NE

decrease in GABA and 5HT

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What NT are seen in depression?

A

decrease in NE, 5HT, and DA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What NT are seen in Huntington disease?

A

increase in DA

decrease in GABA and ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What NT are seen in Parkinson disease?

A

decrease in DA

increase in 5HT and ACh

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What NT are seen in Schizophrenia?

A

increase in DA

30
Q

What is the order of loss of orientation?

A

1st - time
2nd - place
3rd - person

31
Q

What is an example a disease that causes anterograde amnesia?

A

Korsakoff Syndrome

classic anterograde amnesia caused by thiamine deficiency and the associated destruction of mammillary bodies

*most often seen in EtOHics and associated with confabulations

32
Q

What are signs of a patient with delirium?

A 
"waxing and waning" level of consciousness
disorganized thinking
hallucinations
illusions
misperceptions
cognitive dysfunction
33
Q

What are causes of delirium?

A

Usually SECONDARY to other illness

e.g. CNS disease, infection, withdraw, metabolic disturbance, hemorrhage

34
Q

What is the treatment of delirium?

A
  1. identify and address underlying cause
  2. optimize brain condition
  3. antipsychotics (mainly haloperidol)
35
Q

What is a major difference between delirium and dementia?

A

delirium = ACUTE, loss of consciousness, EEG ABNORMAL

dementia = PROGRESSIVE decline, NO loss of consciousness, EEG normal

36
Q

What are signs of dementia?

A 
memory deficits
aphasia
apraxia
agnosia
loss of abstract thought
behavioral/personality changes
impaired judgementq
37
Q

What are REVERSIBLE causes of dementia?

A 
NPH
vitamin B12 deficiency
hypothyroidism
neurosyphilis
HIV (partially)
38
Q

What is the difference between hallucinations and delusions?

A

hallucinations - PERCEPTIONS in the absence of external stimuli (e.g. seeing a light that is not actually present)

delusions - unique, false BELIEFS about oneself or others that persist despite the facts (e.g. thinking aliens are communicating with you)

39
Q

Visual hallucinations are more commonly a feature of medical or psychiatric illnesses?

A

medical illnesses (e.g. drug intoxication)

40
Q

Auditory hallucinations are more commonly a feature of medical or psychiatric illnesses?

A

psychiatric illness (e.g. schizophrenia)

41
Q

Olfactor hallucinations are often associated with what conditions?

A

psychomotor epilepsy and brain tumors

42
Q

Tactile hallucinations are often associated with what conditions?

A

alcohol withdrawal and cocaine users

43
Q

What are the subtypes of schizophrenia?

A

brief psychotic disorder: < 1 month

schizophreniform disorder: 1 - 6 months

schizoaffective disorder: at least 2 wks

44
Q

What are the criteria to diagnose schizophrenia?

A 
delusions
hallucinations - often auditory
disorganized speech 
disorganized behavior
"negative symptoms" - flat affect, social withdrawal, lack of motivation or thought

**Patient at increased risk for SUICIDE

45
Q

When does schizophrenia typically present in men and women?

A

men: early 20s
women: late 20s to early 30s

46
Q

What is the definition of delusional disorder?

A

fixed, persistent, untrue belief system lasting > 1 MONTH

*Functioning otherwise NOT IMPAIRED

47
Q

What is the definition of a dissociative identity disorder?

A

presence of 2 or more distinct identities or personality states

more common in women

Associated with many disorders or past events such as sexual abuse, PTSD, depression, etc.

48
Q

What is depersonalization/derealization disorder?

A

persistent feelings of detachment or estrangement from one’s own body, thoughts, perceptions, and actions (depersonalization) or one’s environment (derealization)

49
Q

How long do symptoms need to occur before a patient can be diagnosed with a “manic episode”

A

lasting at least 1 week

50
Q

The diagnosis of a manic episode requires at least 3 of the following..

A

“manics DIG FAST”

Distractibility
Irresponsibility
Grandiosity
Flight of ideas
Agitation
Sleep (decreased need)
Talkativeness or pressured speech
51
Q

How long do hypomanic episodes occur?

A

at least 4 days with less severe mood disturbances than a manic episode

52
Q

What is the difference between Bipolar I and Bipolar II?

A

Bipolar I: presence of at least 1 manic episode with or without a hypomanic or depressive episode

Bipolar II: presence of a hypomanic and a depressive episode

53
Q

What is the treatment for bipolar disorder?

A 
mood stabilizers (lithium, valproic acid, carbamazepine)
atypical antipsychotics
54
Q

What is cyclothymic disorder?

A

dysthymia and hypomania (a milder form of bipolar disorder LASTING AT LEAST 2 YEARS)

55
Q

What are the 9 symptoms that can be associated with major depressive disorder?

A

SIG E CAPS

Sleep disturbance
loss of Interest
Guilt or feelings of worthlessness

Energy loss and fatigue

Concentration problems
Appetite/weight changes
Psychomotor retardation or agitation
Suicidal ideations

*Requires at least 5 of the 9

56
Q

How long do major depressive disorder episodes usually last?

A

6-12 months

57
Q

What is Persistent Depressive Disorder (Dysthymia)?

A

depression, often milder, lasting AT LEAST 2 YEARS

58
Q

What is the best treatment for Seasonal Affective Disorder?

A

full-spectrum bright-light exposure

59
Q

What is the most common subtype of depression?

A

Atypical Depression

60
Q

What are signs of maternal (postpartum) “blues” and what is the time frame within which they appear and resolve?

A

start 2-3 days after delivery –> resolves within 10 days

depressed affect, tearfulness, and fatigue

61
Q

What are signs of postpartum depression and what is the time frame within which they appear and resolve?

A

start within 4 weeks after delivery –> lasts 2 weeks to 1 year or more

depressed affect, anxiety, and poor concentration

62
Q

What is the treatment for postpartum depression?

A

antidepressants

psychotherapy

63
Q

What are signs of postpartum psychosis and what is the time frame within which they appear and resolve?

A

Lasts days to 4-5 weeks

delusions, hallucinations, confusion, and possible homicidal/suicidal ideas or attempts

64
Q

What is the treatment for postpartum psychosis?

A

antipsychotics
antidepressants
possible inpatient hospitalization
assessment of child safety

65
Q

What are signs of pathologic grief?

A

excessively intense grief
prolonged grief lasting > 6-12 months
grief that is delayed, inhibited, or denied

may also experience delusions and hallucinations

66
Q

When is electroconvulsive therapy most often used as a treatment?

A

major depressive disorder and for pregnant women with major depressive disorder

67
Q

What are the risk factors for suicide completion?

A

SAD PERSONS

Sex (male)
Age (teenager or elderly)
Depression

Previous attempt
loss of Rational thinking
Sickness (medical illness)
Organized plan
No spouse
Social support lacking

*women try more often, men succeed more often

68
Q

What are disorders under the umbrella of anxiety disorder?

A

panic disorder
phobias
generalized anxiety disorder

69
Q

What is needed for a definitive diagnosis of a panic disorder?

A

1 month (or more) of 1 (or more) of the following:
persistent concern of additional attacks
worrying about consequences of the attack
behavioral change related to attacks

70
Q

What is the treatment for panic disorder?

A

CBT
SSRIs
venlafaxine
benzodiazepines

First Aid STEP 1 - Psychiatry (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions