Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Orthopaedics > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Describe trigger finger.

A

A tendonitis of a flexor tendon on the finger causes a nodule which gets caught in the A1 pulley when flexing and extending the tendon (finger can get stuck in the trigger position)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the treatment for trigger finger?

A

Steroids injected into the tendon

Incise the pulley (fasciectomy)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the pathology of perthes disease

A

Idiopathic osteochondritis of the femoral head. the femoral head transiently loses its blood supply leading to necrosis. It usually presents in young boys who are active as this means that when they are being active you get increases oedema around the capillaries of the femral head. This eventually causes the capillaries to stop working properly and leads to the transient loss of blood supply in the femoral head.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How do children with perthes usually present?

A

Pain and limp unilaterally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What would the clinical finding be for a child with perthes?

A

Loss of internal rotaion, loss of abduction and positive trendelenburg test.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the pathology of dupytrons contracture?

A

A proliferation of the specilised palmar fascia. Hyperplasia as there is too much type 3 collagen
Proliferation of myo-fibroblast cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What two conditions increase you chance of getting dupytrons?

A

Alcoholic liver disease

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What other conditions are associated with dupytrons?

A 
Peyronnies disease (tightness of the penile fascia. Presents with a bent penis)
Leherhose disease. Hyperplasia of the fascia is the foot resulting in clawed toes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the treatment of dupytrons.

A

If over 30 degrees contracture of the MCP or any contracture of the PIP then surgery needs to be performed. A fasciectomy.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A malignant bone cell of the endothelial cells in the bone marrow?

A

Ewings sarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe the pathology of an osteosarcoma.

A

Young adults
Most commonly seen in the knee
Bone producing tumour in normal bone
Metastatic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

A malignant primary bone tumour that occurs in abnormal bone

A

Fibrosarcoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the benign invasive tumour caused by osteoblasts?

A

Osteoblastoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does an osteoclastoma do? What is its other name?

A

Destroys the bone and causes “holes”. Giant cell cancer of bone.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the commonest benign bone tumour?

A

Osteochondroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is an enchondroma?

A

An intramedullary and usually metaphyseal cartilaginous tumour caused by failure of normal enchondral ossification

17
Q

What kind of tumour in seen as a soap bubble appearance on x ray

A

Giant cell tumour of bone

18
Q

What is the appearance of an osteochondroma?

A

A bony outgrowth on the external surface with a cartilaginous cap. These can cause local pain.

19
Q

Describe the appearance of an enchondroma on x ray

A

lucent lesion but it can undergo mineralization.

20
Q

Name 6 benign bone tumours?

A
  1. Osteochondroma
  2. Enchondroma
  3. Bone cyst
  4. Aneurysmal bone cyst
  5. Giant cell tumour of bone
  6. Ostoid osteoma
21
Q

What is a brodies abscess?

A

A subacute osteomyelitis

22
Q

How do you get a brown tumour? What is it?

A

A lytic lesion of bone. Occurs because you have got hyperparathyroidism. Occurs because the osteoclasts are sucking calcium out of bone making it lytic.

23
Q

Name 5 malignant bone tumours?

A
  1. Ewings sarcoma
  2. Fibrosarcoma
  3. Chondrosarcoma
  4. Osteosarcoma
  5. Malignant fibrous histicytoma)
24
Q

What is an aneurysmal bone cyst?

A

A bone cyst which many chambers filled with blood.

25
Q

A child presents with intense pain at night which is relieved by aspirin. What bone tumour could this be.

A

Osteoid osteoma

26
Q

What does an osteoid osteoma look like on x ray?

A

Intense sclerotic halo

27
Q

A child presents with a painful scoliosis and intense pain at night which is relieved by aspirin.

A

Osteoid osteoma.

28
Q

How does osteosarcoma commonly spread?

A

Haemoatogenous spread

29
Q

Are osteosarcomas sensitive to radiotherapy?

A

No. Chemotherapy may prolong survival

30
Q

What microscopic appearance do you see chondroblastoma?

A

Calcium deposition surrounding the chondroblasts, which are typically polyhedral shape, results in typical “chicken-wire calcification

Orthopaedics (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions