Pathology Flashcards
Describe trigger finger.
A tendonitis of a flexor tendon on the finger causes a nodule which gets caught in the A1 pulley when flexing and extending the tendon (finger can get stuck in the trigger position)
What is the treatment for trigger finger?
Steroids injected into the tendon
Incise the pulley (fasciectomy)
What is the pathology of perthes disease
Idiopathic osteochondritis of the femoral head. the femoral head transiently loses its blood supply leading to necrosis. It usually presents in young boys who are active as this means that when they are being active you get increases oedema around the capillaries of the femral head. This eventually causes the capillaries to stop working properly and leads to the transient loss of blood supply in the femoral head.
How do children with perthes usually present?
Pain and limp unilaterally.
What would the clinical finding be for a child with perthes?
Loss of internal rotaion, loss of abduction and positive trendelenburg test.
What is the pathology of dupytrons contracture?
A proliferation of the specilised palmar fascia. Hyperplasia as there is too much type 3 collagen
Proliferation of myo-fibroblast cells.
What two conditions increase you chance of getting dupytrons?
Alcoholic liver disease
Diabetes
What other conditions are associated with dupytrons?
Peyronnies disease (tightness of the penile fascia. Presents with a bent penis) Leherhose disease. Hyperplasia of the fascia is the foot resulting in clawed toes.
What is the treatment of dupytrons.
If over 30 degrees contracture of the MCP or any contracture of the PIP then surgery needs to be performed. A fasciectomy.
A malignant bone cell of the endothelial cells in the bone marrow?
Ewings sarcoma
Describe the pathology of an osteosarcoma.
Young adults
Most commonly seen in the knee
Bone producing tumour in normal bone
Metastatic
A malignant primary bone tumour that occurs in abnormal bone
Fibrosarcoma
What is the benign invasive tumour caused by osteoblasts?
Osteoblastoma
What does an osteoclastoma do? What is its other name?
Destroys the bone and causes “holes”. Giant cell cancer of bone.
What is the commonest benign bone tumour?
Osteochondroma
What is an enchondroma?
An intramedullary and usually metaphyseal cartilaginous tumour caused by failure of normal enchondral ossification
What kind of tumour in seen as a soap bubble appearance on x ray
Giant cell tumour of bone
What is the appearance of an osteochondroma?
A bony outgrowth on the external surface with a cartilaginous cap. These can cause local pain.
Describe the appearance of an enchondroma on x ray
lucent lesion but it can undergo mineralization.
Name 6 benign bone tumours?
- Osteochondroma
- Enchondroma
- Bone cyst
- Aneurysmal bone cyst
- Giant cell tumour of bone
- Ostoid osteoma
What is a brodies abscess?
A subacute osteomyelitis
How do you get a brown tumour? What is it?
A lytic lesion of bone. Occurs because you have got hyperparathyroidism. Occurs because the osteoclasts are sucking calcium out of bone making it lytic.
Name 5 malignant bone tumours?
- Ewings sarcoma
- Fibrosarcoma
- Chondrosarcoma
- Osteosarcoma
- Malignant fibrous histicytoma)
What is an aneurysmal bone cyst?
A bone cyst which many chambers filled with blood.
