Bone tumours

Question 1

List benign bone tumours

Answer 1

Osteochondroma
Enchondroma
Simple bone cyst
Aneurysmal bone cyst
Giant cell tumour of bone
Osteoid osteoma

Question 2

How does a brodies abscess form?

Answer 2

As a result of subacute osteomyelitis

Question 3

A benign bony outgrowth on the external surface of bone with a cartilaginous cap. Usually presents as a painless hard lump

Answer 3

Osteochondroma

Question 4

Intramedullary tumour caused by failure of normal enchondral ossification at the growth plate. The lesion is usually lucent.

Answer 4

Enchondroma

Question 5

A single cavity filled with fluid in a bone. Usually asymptomatic but can lead to a pathological fracture.

Answer 5

Simple bone cyst

Question 6

Space containing lots of chambers and filled with blood. Most often occur in the metaphyses of long bones.

Answer 6

Aneurysmal bone cyst

Question 7

Locally aggressive painful benign tumour which have a characteristic “soap bubble” appearance on X Ray.

Answer 7

Giant cell tumour of bone

Question 8

What is the the treatment for a giant cell tumour of bone? Why do we treat these?

Answer 8

Although they are considered benign 5% do metastasize to the lungs.
Intralesional excision with use of phenol, bone cement or liquid nitrogen to destroy remaining tumour

Question 9

A genetic mutation where there are lesions of fibrous tissue and immature bone.

Answer 9

Fibrous dysplasia

Question 10

A small nidus of immature bone surrounded by an intense sclerotic halo

Answer 10

Osteoid osteoma

Question 11

What benign bone tumour causes intense constant pian which is worst at night?

Answer 11

Osteoid osteoma

Question 12

What medication helps relieve the pain in osteoid osteoma?

Answer 12

NSAIDS

Question 13

What sore of bone tumours form as a result of hyperparathyroidism?

Answer 13

Brown tumours

Question 14

What is the treatment for benign bone tumours of they are causing problems such as pain or fracture risk?

Answer 14

Curretegge and bone graft

Question 15

A malignant tumour that produces bone. It is more common in young people and most often found around the knee.

Answer 15

Osteosarcoma

Question 16

By which route does osteosarcoma spread and what site does it commonly metastasise to?

Answer 16

Haematogenously

Lungs

Question 17

What treatment(s) are osteosarcomas sensitive to?

Answer 17

Only chemotherapy

Question 18

A malignant cartilage producing tumour that most commonly presents in middle age. Are large and slow to metastisize.

Answer 18

Chondrosarcoma

Question 19

What treatments are chondromsarcomas sensitive to?

Answer 19

Not radiotherapy or chemotherapy

Question 20

Fibrous malignant bone tumours which tend to occur in abnormal bone (eg Pagets)

Answer 20

Fibrous sarcoma

Malignant fibrous osteosarcoma

Question 21

A malignant tumour of endothelial cells in the bone marrow.

Associated with fever, raised inflammatory markers and a warm swelling.

Answer 21

Ewings sarcoma

Question 22

What treatments is Ewings sarcoma sensitive to?

Answer 22

Chemotherapy and Radiotherapy

Question 23

What malignant bone tumour has the worst prognosis?

Answer 23

Ewings sarcoma

Question 24

What cancers commonly metastisize to bone?

Answer 24

Breast
Prostate
Lung
Renal
Thyroid

Question 25

Which bone metastases are usually lytic?

Answer 25

Breast (though it can be sclerotic)
Lung
Renal
Thyroid

Question 26

Which bone metastases are usually sclerotic?

Answer 26

Prostate

Breast

Question 27

Which cancer gives rise to large and very vascular “blow out” lytic metastases?

Answer 27

Renal cell