Pathology Flashcards
whats a hernia
protrusion fo peritoneum through an opening - usually a site of weakness
what is a diaphragmatic hernia
protrusion of abdominal structures into the thorax
why does a diaphragmatic hernia occur
congenital defect or trauma
which side of the diaphragm is more likely to have a diaphragmatic hernia and why
the left, bceasue the right side is protected by the liver relatively
hiatal hernia defn please
stomach herniates upward throught eh esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm
sliding hiatal hernia defn please
MOST COMMON
gastroesophageal junction is displaced upwards
hourglass stomach
sliding hiatal hernia where gastroesophageal junction is displaced upwards
paraesophageal hernia
gastroesophageal junction is normal.
funsud protrudes into the stomach
most common diaphragmatic hernia
sliding hiatal hernia - gastroesophagela junction is displaced upwards
path of an indirect inguinal hernia please
deep/internal inguinal ring lateral to the epigastric vessels –> inguinal canal –> superficial/external inguinal ring -> scrotum
males or females more likely to get an indirect inguinal hernia
maallleessss
why does indirect inguinal hernia occurs in infants?
failure of the processus vaginalis to close
what can results from an indirect inguinal hernia?
hydrocoele.
what type of hernia is covered by all three layers of the spermatic fascia
indirect bc follows same pathway as the testes
describe protrusion site of a direct hernia
medial to the epigastric vessels above the inguinal ligament
describe protrusion site of an indirect hernia
lateral to the epigastric vessels above the inguinal ligament
describe the protrusion site of a femoral hernia
through the femoral calan below and lateral to the pubic tubercle and below inguinal ligament
describe patient for direct hernia
older men
what type of hernia is only covered by external spermatic fascia
direct
what is the leading cause of bowel incarceration
femoral hernias
typical patient to get a femoral hernia
the ladies.
where do femoral hernias protrude
through femoral triangle
below inguinal ligament
below and lateral to pubic tubercle
what are the borders of hasselbachs triangle
inguinal ligament - inferiorly
inferior epigastric a and v - laterally
lateral border of rectus abdominis - medially
