Pathology

Question 1

whats a hernia

Answer 1

protrusion fo peritoneum through an opening - usually a site of weakness

Question 2

what is a diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 2

protrusion of abdominal structures into the thorax

Question 3

why does a diaphragmatic hernia occur

Answer 3

congenital defect or trauma

Question 4

which side of the diaphragm is more likely to have a diaphragmatic hernia and why

Answer 4

the left, bceasue the right side is protected by the liver relatively

Question 5

hiatal hernia defn please

Answer 5

stomach herniates upward throught eh esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

Question 6

sliding hiatal hernia defn please

Answer 6

MOST COMMON

gastroesophageal junction is displaced upwards

Question 7

hourglass stomach

Answer 7

sliding hiatal hernia where gastroesophageal junction is displaced upwards

Question 8

paraesophageal hernia

Answer 8

gastroesophageal junction is normal.

funsud protrudes into the stomach

Question 9

most common diaphragmatic hernia

Answer 9

sliding hiatal hernia - gastroesophagela junction is displaced upwards

Question 10

path of an indirect inguinal hernia please

Answer 10

deep/internal inguinal ring lateral to the epigastric vessels –> inguinal canal –> superficial/external inguinal ring -> scrotum

Question 11

males or females more likely to get an indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 11

maallleessss

Question 12

why does indirect inguinal hernia occurs in infants?

Answer 12

failure of the processus vaginalis to close

Question 13

what can results from an indirect inguinal hernia?

Answer 13

hydrocoele.

Question 14

what type of hernia is covered by all three layers of the spermatic fascia

Answer 14

indirect bc follows same pathway as the testes

Question 15

describe protrusion site of a direct hernia

Answer 15

medial to the epigastric vessels above the inguinal ligament

Question 16

describe protrusion site of an indirect hernia

Answer 16

lateral to the epigastric vessels above the inguinal ligament

Question 17

describe the protrusion site of a femoral hernia

Answer 17

through the femoral calan below and lateral to the pubic tubercle and below inguinal ligament

Question 18

describe patient for direct hernia

Answer 18

older men

Question 19

what type of hernia is only covered by external spermatic fascia

Answer 19

direct

Question 20

what is the leading cause of bowel incarceration

Answer 20

femoral hernias

Question 21

typical patient to get a femoral hernia

Answer 21

the ladies.

Question 22

where do femoral hernias protrude

Answer 22

through femoral triangle
below inguinal ligament
below and lateral to pubic tubercle

Question 23

what are the borders of hasselbachs triangle

Answer 23

inguinal ligament - inferiorly
inferior epigastric a and v - laterally
lateral border of rectus abdominis - medially