Histology Flashcards
layers of the git from the lumen to the blood please
mucosa - submucosa - muscularis externa - serosa/adventita
what constitutes the mucosa
epitheliu, lamina propria, muscularis mucosa
whats the function of the muscularis mucosa
contract/relax to change surface area for absorption… mind blown
what constitutes the submucosa
submucosal nerve plexus/messner
function of the meissner/submucosal plexus
secertion
what constitutes the muscularis externa
mywenteric nerve plexus
inner cir and outer longi layers
when do you have a serosa versus an adventitia
serosa - intraperitoneal VRS adventitia - retroperitoneal
define: erosion
mucosa only (epi, lp, mscularis mucosa)
define: ulcer
can extend into the submucsa, inner of otuer muscular layer
what portion of the git has the slowest basal electric rhythm of slow waves
stomach @ 3 waves/min
what portion of the git ahs the fastest basal electric rhythm of slow waves
duodenum @ 12 waves /min
list the rate of slow waves in a) stomach, b) duodenum and c) ileum
stomach - 3 waves/min
duodenum - 12 waves/min
ileum - 8 to 9 waves/min
what is the epithelium in the esophagus
non kerat, strat squamous epi at esophagus
where are gastric glands :P
tummy
where do villi and microvilli first show up to increased surface area and why?
duodenum to increase absorption
where are brunner glands?
duodenum
what are brunner glands?
secret HCO3 - makes sense they are in the duodenum then
wht are crypts of lieberkun?
intestinal crypts in the small intestine that have all the cells it needs. balh blah blah
where are plicae circulares?
jejunum and ileum
what is most distal location of pliace circularis?
proximal ileum
what is a plicae circulares?
two layers of mucous membrane being bound together by submucosa
http://www.bing.com/images/search?q=plicae+circularis&FORM=HDRSC2#view=detail&id=947737EB990CA359863600D544EC94488735959D&selectedIndex=5
what histology wise makes the duodenum unique from the jejunum and ileum
brunner glands
no plicae circularis
what histology wise makes the ileum unique from the duodenum and ileum
peyers patches show up
largest amount of goblet cells
what layer are peyers patches in the ileum?
lymphoid aggregates in the lamina propria and cubmucosa
where do you find the most goblet cells in the small intestine
ileum – last chance to get stuff absorbed, makes it stick and harder to excape. also catchs moos - peyer patches = maybe, just what my own brain thinks
where do villi stop
large intestine
where do crypts of lieberkun stop
nope. continue from the duodenum to the colon
where are goblet cells located
ileum - large intestine.
how do branches that supply the git structures branch of the abdominal aorta
ANTERIORLY
how do branches supplying non git structures branch off the abdominal aorta
laterally
list the branches of the abdominal aorta from superior to inferiot
celiac with left and righr phrenic arteries @ T12
superior mesenteric with left middle suprarenal artery @ L1
left gondal
right gondal
inferior mesenteric @ L3
bifurcation of abdominal aorta to common iliac @ L4
medial sacral artery @ bifurcation
ingernal and external iliacs
what artery is found at T12
celiac/phrenics
what artery is found at L1
superior mesenteric
what artery is fond at L2
nothing listed :)
what artery is found at L3
sinferior mesenteric
what arter is found at L4
bifurcation of abdominal aorta
describe superior mesenteric artery syndrome
transverse portion (third part) of duodenum is trapped between SMA and aorta –> intestinal obstruction
list the arterial, parasympa, vertebral layer and structures of the foregut
celiac - vagus - T12/L1 - pharynx (not celiac), lower esophageal (not vagus) to proximal duodenum, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleem (from mesoderm)
what portion of the foregut is not supplied by the celiac artery
pharynx
what portion of the foregut is not supplied para by the vagus nerve
lower esophagus
what portion of the celiac supplied region is not derived from the foregut
spleen
list the arterial, parasympa, vertebral layer and structures of the midgut
superior mesenteric, vagus, L1 - distal duodenum to proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
list the arterial, parasympa, vertebral layer and structures of the hindgut
inferior mesenteric, pelvic, L3, distal 1/3 transverse colon to upper portion of rectum
why is the splenic flexure prone to iscahemia > other portions of git
watershed area between the superior mesenteric and the inferior mesenteric.
