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Renal > Pathology 2 > Flashcards

Pathology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the treatment of Nephrotic syndrome?

A
  • Fluid restircion max 1.5litres per day
  • Salt restriction
  • Diuretics – if gut swollen then IV furosemide
  • ACEinhibitors/ ARBs – reduce proteinuria
  • ? Anticoagulation
  • IV Albumin (only if volume deplete) – Fluid but in wrong place to reduce chance of AKI
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2
Q

What is the treatment of nephritic syndrome?

A

Immunosuppression

Aim is to induce sustained remission

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3
Q

What defines partial and complete remission in nephritic syndrome?

A

Complete remission (proteinuria <3g/day)

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4
Q

What are ACE inhibitors absolutely contraindicated in?

A

Bilateral renal artery stenosis

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5
Q

What is stress incontinence?`

A

Involuntary leakage on effort or exertion or on sneezing or coughing.

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6
Q

What is urge incontinence?

A

Involuntary elakage accompanied by r immediately preceeded by urgency

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7
Q

What is urgency?

A

The complaint of a sudden compelling desire to pass urine which is difficult to defer.

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8
Q

What is the main cause of urge incontinence?

A

Idiopathic detrouser over activity - incontinence due to involuntary detrusor contraction

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9
Q

In urge incontinence what dietary advice should be given?

A

Avoid caffeine

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10
Q

What causes overflow incontinence? How does the patient present?

A

Bladder outlfow obstruction

Painful urinary retention

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11
Q

Physiotherapy to do what can be useful in urge incontinence?

A

Pelvic floor strengthening

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12
Q

What are some risk factor for urge incontinence?

A

Obesity
DM
Chronic cough
Smoking

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13
Q

Define mixed urinary incontinence.

A

Involuntary leakage associated with urgency and also with exertion-effort, sneezing or coughing.

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14
Q

What are the 3 benign renal tumours?

A

Fibroma
Adenoma
Angiomyolipoma

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15
Q

What is a Fibroma renal tumour?

A

Common
Maxillary origin
Small white nodules

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16
Q

Describe a renal Adenoma?

A

Yellowish nodules <2cm
Cortical
Renal tubular epithelium origin

17
Q

What is in an angiomyolipoma? What are they associated with?

A 
Smooth muscle 
Fat
Blood vessels
Can be multiple and bilateral 
Associated with tuberous sclerosis
18
Q

What is a JGCT?

A

Juxtaglomerular cell tumour

Tumour of renin producing cells leading to increased renin production and secondary hypertension

19
Q

Where does a neuroblastoma (Wilms tumour) arise from?

A

Residual primitive renal tissue

20
Q

What is the most common malignancy of the renal tract?

A

Transitional cell carcinoma

21
Q

What are the risk factors for TCC?

A 
Smoking 
Aniline dyes 
Rubber exposure 
Bernadine 
Cyclophosphamide
22
Q

What is the most common symptom of TCC?

A

Haematuria

23
Q

Chronic infection of Schistosomiasis predisposed a patient to what cancer?

A

Squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder

Renal (9 decks)

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