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ENT > Pathology 2 > Flashcards

Pathology 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Is acute tonsillitis more likely to be caused by bacteria or virus? Name some.

A 
Vuris 
Rhinovirus 
Influenza 
Parainfluenza 
Enterovirus 
Adenovirus
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2
Q

If acute tonsillitis is caused by a bacteria which ones may cause it?

A

Strep pyogenes
H. influenza
S aureus
Strep pneumonia

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3
Q

Acute tonsillitis caused by a virus would present like what?

A 
Malaise 
sore throat 
Fever 
Possible lymphadenopathy 
Able to undertake near normal activity 
lasts 3-4 days
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4
Q

Bacteria causing acute tonsillitis presents how?

A 
Systemic upset 
fever 
odynophagia 
halitosis 
lymphadenopathy 
unable to work/play 
lasts ~1week
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5
Q

What is the Centor criteria?

A 
fever 
no cough 
Tonsillar exudates 
Tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy
Age less than 15 add 1 point  
Age more than 44 subtract 1 point
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6
Q

What scores get what from the Centor criteria?

A

0-1 points - no antibiotic
2-3 points - should receive AB if symptoms progress
4-5 - Treat empirically with AB

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7
Q

Which AB is empirical treatment for acute tonsillitis?

A

Penicillin 500mg qd for 10 days

Clarithromycin if pen allergic

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8
Q

What are the conditions for tonsillectomy?

A

7 or more well documented, clinically significant, adequately treated sore throats in preceding year
or
5 or more in each year of preceding 2 years
or
3 or more in each year of preceding 3 years

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9
Q

What is the most common complication of acute tonsillitis? How do you treat it?

A

Peritonsillar abscess/ Quinsy

Aspiration and antibiotics

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10
Q

What is the classic history of a Quinsy?

A

Unilateral throat pain and odynophagia for 3-4 days (initially feeling better then worse on one side only)
Trismus - spasm of jaw
3-7 days of preceding acute tonsillitis

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11
Q

What virus causes infective mononucleosis/ glandular fever?

A

EBV

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12
Q

What are the signs of glandular fever?

A 
Gross tonsillar enlargement with membranous exudate 
Marked cervical lymphadenopathy 
Palatal petechial haemorrhages 
Generalised lymphadenopathy 
Hepatosplenomegaly
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13
Q

What is used for the diagnosis of glandular fever?

A

Monospot test
Paul-Bunnell test
Atypical lymphocytes in blood

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14
Q

What should not be prescribed in glandular fever?

A

Ampicillin/ Amoxicillin

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15
Q

What can cause unilateral tonsillar enlargement?

A 
Acute infection 
chronic infection 
hypertrophy 
congenital 
neoplasms
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16
Q

What are tonsil stones?

A

Clusters of calcified material that form in the crevices of the tonsils
Tonsiliths or tonsilar calculi
Occur most on palatine tonsils

17
Q

The vast majority of head and neck cancers are what type?

A

Squamous cell carcinomas

ENT (4 decks)

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