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Pulmonary > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Triad of aspirin-intolerance?

A
  • asthma (LOX overactive - lots of LT’s and resultant bronchoconstriction)
  • asp-induced bronchospasms
  • nasal polyps
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2
Q

Three situations in which nasal polyps are seen?

A
  • repeated bouts of rhinitis
  • cystic fibrosis (beware in kids)
  • aspirin-intolerant asthma
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3
Q

Benign tumor of nasal mucosa composed of large BV’s and fibrous tissue? Population? Presentation?

A
  • angiofibroma
  • adolescent males
  • profuse epistaxis
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4
Q

Organism associated with acute epiglottitis?

A
  • H. influenzae type b

- pediatric emergency due to risk of airway obstruction

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5
Q

Common cause of laryngotracheobronchitis? Common name?

A
  • parainfluenza virus

- croup

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6
Q

Benign papillary tumor of vocal cord? Viral association?

A
  • laryngeal papilloma

- low-risk HPV 6 and 11 associated with genital warts (16 and 18 are high risk) = poikilocytosis

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7
Q

Why is pleuritic pain occur in pneumonia?

A
  • pleura is sensitized to pain due to release of PGE2 and bradykinin from inflammation = pain mediators
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8
Q

Common physical exam findings in pneumonia?

A
  • tachypnea with pleuritic chest pain
  • decreased breath sounds
  • dullness to percussion
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9
Q

Four classic gross phases of lobar pneumonia?

A
  • congestion
  • red hepatization
  • gray hepatization
  • resolution (Type II cell epithelial regeneration)
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10
Q

What pneumonia patterns are associated with bacteria? Viruses? Anaerobic bacteria?

A
  • lobar and bronchopneumonia
  • interstitial (atypical) pneumonia
  • aspiration pneumonia - oropharynx anaerobes
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11
Q

Three anaerobes commonly associated with aspiration pneumonia?

A
  • Bacteroides
  • Fusobacterium
  • Peptococcus
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12
Q

Which organism is commonly transmitted from a water source?

A

Legionella pneumophila (silver stain)

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13
Q

Two common causes of atypical pneumonia in young adults?

A
  • Mycoplasma pneumoniae

- Chlamydia pneumoniae

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14
Q

Two common causes of lobar pneumonia?

A
  • Strep pneumoniae: most common cause of CAP and secondary pneumonia
  • Klebsiella pneumoniae: enteric flora that is aspirated = capsular jelly sputum + abscess
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15
Q

Organism in atypical pneumonia with post-transplant immunosuppressive Tx?

A

CMV (herpes virus)

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16
Q

Which atypical pneumonia organism causes Q fever?

A
  • Coxiella brunetii

- high fevers are not usually associated with atypical pneumonias

17
Q

Where are abscesses commonly seen in aspiration pneumonia and why?

A
  • right lower lobe

- right main stem bronchus branches at a straighter angle

Pulmonary (7 decks)

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