Pathology

Question 1

What is Etiology?

Answer 1

Study of the cause or origin of a disease.

Question 2

What does Idiopathic mean?

Answer 2

Diseases with an unknown cause.

Question 3

What is Pathogenesis?

Answer 3

The process by which a disease develops.

Question 4

What is Diagnosis?

Answer 4

Identification of a disease through evaluation.

Question 5

What are Signs in the context of disease?

Answer 5

Objective evidence of disease (e.g., rash, fever).

Question 6

What are Symptoms?

Answer 6

Subjective experience of disease (e.g., pain, fatigue).

Question 7

What is a Syndrome?

Answer 7

A group of signs and symptoms occurring together.

Question 8

What does Acute refer to?

Answer 8

Rapid onset and short duration of disease.

Question 9

What is Chronic?

Answer 9

Long-term or recurring condition.

Question 10

What is a Complication?

Answer 10

Secondary condition aggravating an existing one.

Question 11

What is Exacerbation?

Answer 11

Worsening of a disease or its symptoms.

Question 12

What does Morbidity mean?

Answer 12

Rate of disease in a population.

Question 13

What is Mortality?

Answer 13

Death rate caused by a disease.

Question 14

What is Prognosis?

Answer 14

Likely course or outcome of a disease.

Question 15

What is a Relapse?

Answer 15

Recurrence of disease after recovery.

Question 16

What does Remission mean?

Answer 16

Period of reduced symptoms or disease activity.

Question 17

Terminal

Answer 17

Disease expected to result in death

Question 18

Tumor

Answer 18

An Abnormal mass of tissue

Question 19

What is the definition of Benign?

Answer 19

Non-cancerous, localized growth.

Question 20

What is the definition of Malignant?

Answer 20

Cancerous, can invade and spread.

Question 21

What are the causes of cancer?

Answer 21

Genetic mutations, environmental factors, lifestyle choices, infections.

Question 22

What does grading of cancer describe?

Answer 22

Describes cellular appearance and differentiation.

Question 23

What characterizes low grade cancer?

Answer 23

Cells resemble normal tissue.

Question 24

What characterizes high grade cancer?

Answer 24

Cells appear abnormal.

Question 25

What is the purpose of staging of cancer?

Answer 25

Determines the extent of cancer spread.

Question 26

What does the TNM system stand for?

Answer 26

Tumor size, Node involvement, Metastasis.

Question 27

How is surgery for cancer determined?

Answer 27

Surgery is tailored to cancer’s location, grade, and stage.

Question 28

What is anemia in the context of cancer?

Answer 28

Reduced red blood cell count.

Question 29

What is the effect of cancer on bleeding?

Answer 29

Reduced clotting ability due to cancer.

Question 30

What is a consequence of infections?

Answer 30

Weakened immune response.

Question 31

What are paraneoplastic syndromes?

Answer 31

Symptoms caused by substances from tumors (e.g., hormonal changes).

Question 32

What is weight loss (cachexia)?

Answer 32

Severe wasting due to metabolic changes.

Question 33

What is dehydration?

Answer 33

Loss of body fluids, leading to electrolyte imbalance.

Question 34

What is edema?

Answer 34

Accumulation of fluid in tissues causing swelling.

Question 35

What are electrolyte imbalances?

Answer 35

Disruption in sodium, potassium, or other electrolytes.

Question 36

What is embolism?

Answer 36

Obstruction of a blood vessel by a clot or foreign material.

Question 37

Chemotherapy

Answer 37

Kills cancer cells using drugs

Question 38

Nevus

Answer 38

Moles or birthmarks