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digestive system > pathology > Flashcards

pathology Flashcards

1
Q

bariatrics

A

branch of medicine involved with prevention and treatment of obesity; physician is bariatrician

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2
Q

dentistry

A

branch of healthcare involved with prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions involving teeth, jaw, and mouth; practitioner is dentist

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3
Q

dietetics

A

medical profession, concerned with diet and nutrition; practices medical nutrition therapy and educate patients on improving nutrition; healthcare professional is dietician

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4
Q

gastroenterology

A

branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of disease, diseases, and disorders of digestive system; physician is gastroenterologist

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5
Q

oral surgery

A

branch of dentistry that uses surgical means to treat dental conditions; specialist is oral surgeon

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6
Q

orthodontics

A

branch of dentistry concerned with correction of problems with tooth alignment; specialist is orthodontist

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7
Q

periodontics

A

branch of dentistry concerned with treating conditions involving gums and tissues surrounding the teeth; specialist is periodontist

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8
Q

proctology

A

branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of anus and rectum; physician is proctologist

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9
Q

anorexia

A

General term meaning loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions; also used to refer to anorexia nervosa, which is characterized by severe weight loss from excessive dieting

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10
Q

aphagia

A

being unable to swallow or eat

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11
Q

ascites

A

Collection or accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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12
Q

biliary colic

A

acute, severe abdominal pain associated with passing gallstones

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13
Q

bradypepsia

A

having a slow digestive system

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14
Q

cachexia

A

loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease

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15
Q

cholecystalgia

A

having gallbladder pain

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16
Q

constipation

A

experiencing difficulty in defecation or in frequent defecation

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17
Q

dentalgia

A

tooth pain

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18
Q

diarrhea

A

passing of frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements; usually accompanies gastrointestinal (GI) disorders

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19
Q

dysorexia

A

abnormal appetite; usually a diminished appetite

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20
Q

dyspepsia

A

painful digestion; commonly called an upset stomach or indigestion

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21
Q

dysphagia

A

having difficulty swallowing or eating

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22
Q

edentulous

A

pertaining to having lost all the permanent teeth

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23
Q

emesis

A

vomiting; the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth

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24
Q

eructation

A

burping of gas or stomach acid into the mouth; belching

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25
Q

flatulence

A

presence of excessive gas in stomach or intestines; may be passed through the anus

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26
Q

gastralgia

A

stomach pain

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27
Q

halitosis

A

Bad breath

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28
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting blood

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29
Q

hematochezia

A

passing bright red blood in the stool

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30
Q

hepatomegaly

A

enlarged liver

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31
Q

hyperemesis

A

excessive vomiting

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32
Q

jaundice

A

yellow cast two skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes caused by deposit of vile pigment from too much bilirubin in the blood; bilirubin is a waste product produced when worn out red blood cells are broken down; may be symptoms of a disorder such as gallstones blocking the common bile duct or carcinoma of the liver; also called icterus

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33
Q

melena

A

passage of dark, tarry stool; color is result of digestive enzymes working on blood in the gastrointestinal tract

34
Q

nausea

A

Urge to vomit

35
Q

obesity

A

having too much body fat leading to a body weight that is above a healthy level; person whose weight interferes with normal activity and body function has morbid obesity

36
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive eating; eating too much

37
Q

postprandial

A

after a meal

38
Q

pyrosis

A

abnormal condition of pain and burning sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing up into the esophagus; often called heartburn

39
Q

regurgitation

A

return of fluids and solids from the stomach into the mouth

40
Q

aphthous ulcers

A

painful ulcers in the mouth of unknown cause; commonly called canker sores

41
Q

cleft lip

A

congenital anomaly in which upper lip and Jabon failed to fuse in the midline, leaving an open gap; often seen along with cleft pallet; corrected with surgery

42
Q

cleft palate

A

congenital anomaly in which roof of the mouth has a split or fissure; corrected with surgery

43
Q

dental caries

A

gradual decay and disintegration of teeth caused by bacteria; may lead to abscessed teeth; commonly called a tooth cavity

44
Q

gingivitis

A

inflammation of the gums

45
Q

herpes labialis

A

infection of the rip by herpes simplex virus type one (HSV-1); also called fever, blisters or cold sores

46
Q

periodontal disease

A

disease of supporting structures around the teeth, including gums and bones; most common cause of tooth loss

47
Q

sialadenitis

A

inflammation of a salivary gland

48
Q

esophageal atresia

A

congenital defect in which the esophagus ends in a blind pouch instead of connecting to the stomach; resulting in food not reaching the stomach; baby would not survive without immediate surgery

49
Q

esophageal varices

A

enlarged and swan varicose veins in lower end of the esophagus; if these rupture, serious hemorrhage results; often related to liver disease

50
Q

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

Acid from the stomach flows backward up into the esophagus, causing inflammation and pain

51
Q

pharyngoplegia

A

paralysis of pharyngeal (throat) muscles

52
Q

gastric carcinoma

A

Cancerous tumor in the stomach

53
Q

gastritis

A

Stomach inflammation

54
Q

gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of stomach and small intestine

55
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm and extending into the thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom; also called diaphragmatocele

56
Q

peptic ulcer disease (PUD)

A

Ulcer occurring in lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; thought to be caused by acid of gastric juices; initial damage to protective lining of the stomach may be caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterial infection; if ulcer extends all the way through the wall of the stomach, it is called perforated ulcer, which requires immediate surgery to repair

57
Q

anal fistula

A

abnormal tube like passage from body surface around anal opening directly into the rectum

58
Q

appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix; may require an appendectomy

59
Q

bowel incontinence

A

inability to control defecation

60
Q

celiac disease

A

autoimmune condition affecting the small intestine; caused by reaction to eating gluten (protein found in wheat, rye, and barley); symptoms may include abdominal bloating in pain, diarrhea, and nutritional deficiencies

61
Q

colorectal carcinoma

A

cancerous tumor originating in colon or rectum

62
Q

crohn disease

A

form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting primarily ileum and/or colon; also called regional ileitis; autoimmune condition affects all layers of power wall and results in scarring and thickening of the gut wall

63
Q

diverticulitis

A

inflammation of diverticulum (outpouching of the gut), especially in colon; inflammation often results when food becomes strapped in pouch

64
Q

diverticulosis

A

condition of having diverticula; may lead to diverticulitis if one becomes inflamed

65
Q

dysentery

A

disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration; caused by ingesting food or water, contaminated by chemicals, bacteria, protozoans, or parasites

66
Q

enteritis

A

Inflammation of the small intestine

67
Q

hemorrhoids

A

Varicose veins in rectum and anus

68
Q

ileus

A

severe abdominal pain, inability to pass a stool, vomiting, and abdominal distention as a result of intestinal blockage; blockage can be physical block such as tumor or failure of contents to move forward due to loss of peristalsis; may require surgery to reverse blockage

69
Q

inguinal hernia

A

Hernia or protrusion of a loop of small intestine into inguinal region through week spa and abdominal muscle wall that develops into a hole; may become incarcerated or strangulated if muscle tightens down around loop of intestine and cuts off its blood flow

70
Q

intussusception

A

result of the intestine slipping or telescoping inward into another section of intestine just below it; more common in children

71
Q

irritable bowel syndrome

A

Disturbance and functions of the intestine from unknown causes; symptoms generally include abdominal discomfort and alteration in bowel activity; also called spastic colon or functional bowel disorder

72
Q

Polyposis

A

Presence of small tumors, called polyps, containing pedicle or stem like attachment in mucous membranes of a large intestine; may be precancerous

73
Q

proctoptosis

A

Prolapse or drooping of rectum and anus; often protrudes through anal opening

74
Q

ulcerative colitis

A

chronic inflammatory condition resulting in numerous ulcers found on mucous membrane lining of the colon; causes unknown; also known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)

75
Q

volvulus

A

condition in which the bowel twists upon itself; causing an obstruction; painful and requires immediate surgery

76
Q

cholecystitis

A

inflammation of the gallbladder; most commonly caused by gallstones in gallbladder or common bile duct that block flow of bile

77
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence of gallstones, composed of hardened bile; may or may not cause symptoms such as cholecystalgia

78
Q

cirrhosis

A

chronic disease of the liver associated with failure of the liver to function properly; name describes yellow appearance of the skin in later stages of this condition

79
Q

hepatitis

A

inflammation of the liver, usually due to viral infection; different viruses are transmitted by different routes, such as sexual contact or from exposure to blood or fecal contaminated water or food

80
Q

hepatoma

A

Liver tumor

81
Q

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

A

chronic accumulation of fat in the liver in person who does not drink alcohol; may occur with or without damage to liver tissue

82
Q

pancreatitis

A

inflammation of the pancreas

digestive system (6 decks)

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