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pathology Flashcards

1
Q

bariatrics

A

branch of medicine involved with prevention and treatment of obesity; physician is bariatrician

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2
Q

dentistry

A

branch of healthcare involved with prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of conditions involving teeth, jaw, and mouth; practitioner is dentist

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3
Q

dietetics

A

medical profession, concerned with diet and nutrition; practices medical nutrition therapy and educate patients on improving nutrition; healthcare professional is dietician

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4
Q

gastroenterology

A

branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of disease, diseases, and disorders of digestive system; physician is gastroenterologist

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5
Q

oral surgery

A

branch of dentistry that uses surgical means to treat dental conditions; specialist is oral surgeon

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6
Q

orthodontics

A

branch of dentistry concerned with correction of problems with tooth alignment; specialist is orthodontist

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7
Q

periodontics

A

branch of dentistry concerned with treating conditions involving gums and tissues surrounding the teeth; specialist is periodontist

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8
Q

proctology

A

branch of medicine involved in diagnosis and treatment of diseases and disorders of anus and rectum; physician is proctologist

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9
Q

anorexia

A

General term meaning loss of appetite that may accompany other conditions; also used to refer to anorexia nervosa, which is characterized by severe weight loss from excessive dieting

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10
Q

aphagia

A

being unable to swallow or eat

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11
Q

ascites

A

Collection or accumulation of fluid in the peritoneal cavity

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12
Q

biliary colic

A

acute, severe abdominal pain associated with passing gallstones

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13
Q

bradypepsia

A

having a slow digestive system

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14
Q

cachexia

A

loss of weight and generalized wasting that occurs during a chronic disease

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15
Q

cholecystalgia

A

having gallbladder pain

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16
Q

constipation

A

experiencing difficulty in defecation or in frequent defecation

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17
Q

dentalgia

A

tooth pain

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18
Q

diarrhea

A

passing of frequent, watery, or bloody bowel movements; usually accompanies gastrointestinal (GI) disorders

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19
Q

dysorexia

A

abnormal appetite; usually a diminished appetite

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20
Q

dyspepsia

A

painful digestion; commonly called an upset stomach or indigestion

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21
Q

dysphagia

A

having difficulty swallowing or eating

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22
Q

edentulous

A

pertaining to having lost all the permanent teeth

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23
Q

emesis

A

vomiting; the expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth

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24
Q

eructation

A

burping of gas or stomach acid into the mouth; belching

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25
flatulence
presence of excessive gas in stomach or intestines; may be passed through the anus
26
gastralgia
stomach pain
27
halitosis
Bad breath
28
hematemesis
vomiting blood
29
hematochezia
passing bright red blood in the stool
30
hepatomegaly
enlarged liver
31
hyperemesis
excessive vomiting
32
jaundice
yellow cast two skin, mucous membranes, and whites of the eyes caused by deposit of vile pigment from too much bilirubin in the blood; bilirubin is a waste product produced when worn out red blood cells are broken down; may be symptoms of a disorder such as gallstones blocking the common bile duct or carcinoma of the liver; also called icterus
33
melena
passage of dark, tarry stool; color is result of digestive enzymes working on blood in the gastrointestinal tract
34
nausea
Urge to vomit
35
obesity
having too much body fat leading to a body weight that is above a healthy level; person whose weight interferes with normal activity and body function has morbid obesity
36
polyphagia
excessive eating; eating too much
37
postprandial
after a meal
38
pyrosis
abnormal condition of pain and burning sensation usually caused by stomach acid splashing up into the esophagus; often called heartburn
39
regurgitation
return of fluids and solids from the stomach into the mouth
40
aphthous ulcers
painful ulcers in the mouth of unknown cause; commonly called canker sores
41
cleft lip
congenital anomaly in which upper lip and Jabon failed to fuse in the midline, leaving an open gap; often seen along with cleft pallet; corrected with surgery
42
cleft palate
congenital anomaly in which roof of the mouth has a split or fissure; corrected with surgery
43
dental caries
gradual decay and disintegration of teeth caused by bacteria; may lead to abscessed teeth; commonly called a tooth cavity
44
gingivitis
inflammation of the gums
45
herpes labialis
infection of the rip by herpes simplex virus type one (HSV-1); also called fever, blisters or cold sores
46
periodontal disease
disease of supporting structures around the teeth, including gums and bones; most common cause of tooth loss
47
sialadenitis
inflammation of a salivary gland
48
esophageal atresia
congenital defect in which the esophagus ends in a blind pouch instead of connecting to the stomach; resulting in food not reaching the stomach; baby would not survive without immediate surgery
49
esophageal varices
enlarged and swan varicose veins in lower end of the esophagus; if these rupture, serious hemorrhage results; often related to liver disease
50
Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
Acid from the stomach flows backward up into the esophagus, causing inflammation and pain
51
pharyngoplegia
paralysis of pharyngeal (throat) muscles
52
gastric carcinoma
Cancerous tumor in the stomach
53
gastritis
Stomach inflammation
54
gastroenteritis
Inflammation of stomach and small intestine
55
Hiatal hernia
protrusion of the stomach through the diaphragm and extending into the thoracic cavity; gastroesophageal reflux disease is a common symptom; also called diaphragmatocele
56
peptic ulcer disease (PUD)
Ulcer occurring in lower portion of esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum; thought to be caused by acid of gastric juices; initial damage to protective lining of the stomach may be caused by Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) bacterial infection; if ulcer extends all the way through the wall of the stomach, it is called perforated ulcer, which requires immediate surgery to repair
57
anal fistula
abnormal tube like passage from body surface around anal opening directly into the rectum
58
appendicitis
Inflammation of the appendix; may require an appendectomy
59
bowel incontinence
inability to control defecation
60
celiac disease
autoimmune condition affecting the small intestine; caused by reaction to eating gluten (protein found in wheat, rye, and barley); symptoms may include abdominal bloating in pain, diarrhea, and nutritional deficiencies
61
colorectal carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in colon or rectum
62
crohn disease
form of chronic inflammatory bowel disease affecting primarily ileum and/or colon; also called regional ileitis; autoimmune condition affects all layers of power wall and results in scarring and thickening of the gut wall
63
diverticulitis
inflammation of diverticulum (outpouching of the gut), especially in colon; inflammation often results when food becomes strapped in pouch
64
diverticulosis
condition of having diverticula; may lead to diverticulitis if one becomes inflamed
65
dysentery
disease characterized by diarrhea, often with mucus and blood, severe abdominal pain, fever, and dehydration; caused by ingesting food or water, contaminated by chemicals, bacteria, protozoans, or parasites
66
enteritis
Inflammation of the small intestine
67
hemorrhoids
Varicose veins in rectum and anus
68
ileus
severe abdominal pain, inability to pass a stool, vomiting, and abdominal distention as a result of intestinal blockage; blockage can be physical block such as tumor or failure of contents to move forward due to loss of peristalsis; may require surgery to reverse blockage
69
inguinal hernia
Hernia or protrusion of a loop of small intestine into inguinal region through week spa and abdominal muscle wall that develops into a hole; may become incarcerated or strangulated if muscle tightens down around loop of intestine and cuts off its blood flow
70
intussusception
result of the intestine slipping or telescoping inward into another section of intestine just below it; more common in children
71
irritable bowel syndrome
Disturbance and functions of the intestine from unknown causes; symptoms generally include abdominal discomfort and alteration in bowel activity; also called spastic colon or functional bowel disorder
72
Polyposis
Presence of small tumors, called polyps, containing pedicle or stem like attachment in mucous membranes of a large intestine; may be precancerous
73
proctoptosis
Prolapse or drooping of rectum and anus; often protrudes through anal opening
74
ulcerative colitis
chronic inflammatory condition resulting in numerous ulcers found on mucous membrane lining of the colon; causes unknown; also known as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
75
volvulus
condition in which the bowel twists upon itself; causing an obstruction; painful and requires immediate surgery
76
cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder; most commonly caused by gallstones in gallbladder or common bile duct that block flow of bile
77
cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones, composed of hardened bile; may or may not cause symptoms such as cholecystalgia
78
cirrhosis
chronic disease of the liver associated with failure of the liver to function properly; name describes yellow appearance of the skin in later stages of this condition
79
hepatitis
inflammation of the liver, usually due to viral infection; different viruses are transmitted by different routes, such as sexual contact or from exposure to blood or fecal contaminated water or food
80
hepatoma
Liver tumor
81
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease
chronic accumulation of fat in the liver in person who does not drink alcohol; may occur with or without damage to liver tissue
82
pancreatitis
inflammation of the pancreas

digestive system (6 decks)

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