Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pathology > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Lining Epithelium of respiratory system ?

A

Pseudostratified, ciliated columnar epithelium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Vocal cords lining epithelium ?

A

Stratified squamous

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Cells of alveoli with functions ?

A

Type 1 pneumocytes (95%) : flat cells
Type 2 : globular, surfactant, promotes healing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Define emphysema?

A

Irreversible
Distal to terminal epithelium ( acinus )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Fibrosis in emphysema ?

A

No

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pathogenesis of emphysema?

A

Smoking/A1AT deficiency
Increased elastase activity
Destruction Of lung architecture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Types of emphysema

A

Centrilobular/centriacinar
Panacinar
Paraseptal/distal
Irregular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Emphysema associated with spontaneous pneumothorax?

A

Paraseptal/distal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Tell locations of emphysemas ?

A

Upper lobe : centriacinar
Lower lobe : panacinar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Type of inheritance in A1ATD?

A

AR(ch.14)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

A1ATD clinical features?

A

Lungs: panacinar emphysema
Liver : cirrhosis (pas+)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Normal vs diseases A1ATD?

A

PiMM : N
PiZZ : diseases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Floating septa seen in ?

A

Emphysema(broken alveolar wall )

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

C/f of emphysema?

A

Pink puffers
Barrel chest
Pursed lip breathing
Flattened diaphragm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Define chronic bronchitis?

A

Persistent productive cough for at least 3 consecutive months for 2 consecutive years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Pathogenesis of chronic bronchitis?

A

Smoking
Mucosal irritations
Increased mucus
Increased reid index
Productive cough
Increased infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Reid index normal value and in CB?

A

Normal : 0.4
Increased in chronic bronchitis
Normal in asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Blue bloaters and cough : dx?

A

Chronic bronchitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Bronchial asthma genes, cytokines,cells,HSRx,earliest mediator?

A

Type 1 HS
Cells: mast and eosinophils
Cytokines IL4,IL5
Earliest mediator: histamine
Genes for atopy: ch 5
Genes : IL13,ADAM33

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Sputum of asthma ?

A

3Cs :
Curshman spirals (whorled mucus plugs)
Creola bodies
Charcoat leyden crystals (eosinophils) galectin 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Sputum of asthma ?

A

3Cs :
Curshman spirals (whorled mucus plugs)
Creola bodies
Charcoat leyden crystals (eosinophils) galectin 10

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Airway changes in asthma ?

A

Increased thickness
Eosinophils & mast cells in lamina propria
Smooth muscle hyperplasia
Submucosal gland hyperplasia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Etiology of bronchiectasis?

A

Congenital : kartagener & CF
Aquired : foreing body, tumours, infections

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Triad of kartagener syndrome ?

A

Situs inversus
Bronchiectasis
Sinusitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Defect in kartagener syndrome ?

A

Dyeinin arm of cilia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

C/f of immotile cilia syndrome ?

A

B/L lower lobes
Productive cough
Dyspnea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Complications of primary cilia dyskinesia?

A

Sepsis
Empyema
Lung abscess
Brain abscess
Amyloidosis(AA)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Gross finding of bronchiectasis?

A

Probe reaches pleura

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Which pneumoconiosis affects upper lobe & lower lobes?

A

CWP & Silicosis : upper lobes
Asbestosis : lower lones

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Pneumoconiosis risk factors?

A

Particles size
Particle solubility
Duration
Synergistic factors (smoking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Most pathogenic risk factors for pneumoconiosis?

A

0-5 micron size

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Caplan syndrome?

A

CWP/Silicosis + Rheumatoid arthritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

C/f of CWP?

A

Asymptomatic anthracosis
Simple CWP (coal macule,coal nodule)
Progressive massive fibrosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Most common pneumoconiosis?

A

Silicosis = grinder disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Egg shell calcification seen in

A

Silicosis on CXR due to LN enlargement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Silicosis associated with increased risk of

A

TB
Lung cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Histopathology of silicosis?

A

Whorled collagen bundles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Gross of silicosis?

A

Silicotic nodule
Collagenous scar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Polarized microscopy of silicosis?

A

Birefringent silical particle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Asbestosis found in which industry workers ?

A

Shipping , construction

41
Q

Asbestos fibres?

A

Serpentine
Amphibole

42
Q

More carcinogenic asbestos fibre?

A

Amphibole

43
Q

Most common presentation of asbestosis?

A

Pleural plaque

44
Q

Most common malignancy in asbestosis?

A

Lung adenocarcinoma

45
Q

Most specific carcinoma for asbestosis.

A

Malignant mesothelioma

46
Q

Ferruginous body seen in ?

A

Asbestosis
It is coated with iron
Dumbell shaped , beaded, fusiform, rod like

47
Q

Stain for asbestosis body ?

A

Prussian blue

48
Q

What is psammoma body ?

A

Foci of dystrophic calcification
Basophilic

49
Q

Psammoma bodies seen in

A

Papillary carcinoma of thyroid
Prolactinoma
Serous cystadenoma of ovary
Mesothelioma
Meningioma

50
Q

Berryliosis type of granuloma ?

A

Non caseating

51
Q

Baritosis, byssinosis, bagassosis, siderosis?

A

Barium toxicity
Cotton
Sugarcane
Irom

52
Q

Honeycomb lung seen in ?

A

Fibrosing restrictive lung diseases

53
Q

Masson bodies seen in ?

A

BOOP

54
Q

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis other name and mutation?

A

UIP
TERT/TERC mutation

55
Q

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis?

A

Defect in surfactant

56
Q

Types of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis?

A

Congenital
Autoimmune (more common )

57
Q

Pathogenesis of congenital and autoimmune PAP?

A

Congenital: defect in type 2 pneumocytes
Autoimmune: Defect in GM-CSF signaling pathway

58
Q

Epithelium of esophagus?

A

Stratified squamous

59
Q

Which layer absent in gallbladder & esophagus?

A

Esophagus: serosa/adventitia
Gallbladder: submucosa

60
Q

Infective esophagitis causes?

A

Candida
CMV
Herpes

61
Q

Candida esophagitis gross & HPE?

A

Gross: Pseudomembranes
Biopsy: pseudohyphae

62
Q

Shallow ulcers in esophagus?

A

CMV

63
Q

Punched out ulcers in esophagus?

A

Herpes

64
Q

Biopsy of CMV ?

A

Owl eye inclusions (basophilic)

65
Q

Biopsy findings of herpes esophagitis?

A

3Ms
Multinucleation
Moulding into one anaother
Margination

66
Q

Type of metaplasia seen in barrett esophagus?

A

Columnar epithelia metaplasia

67
Q

Barrett esophagus increases risk of which cancer?

A

Adenocarcinoma

68
Q

Special stain for barrett esophagus?

A

Alcian blue

69
Q

Histological hallmark for barrett esophagus?

A

Intestinal metaplasia
Goblet cells

70
Q

Red velvety mucosa on endoscopy?

A

Barrett

71
Q

Most common benign cancer of esophagus?

A

Leiomyoma

72
Q

Most common cancer of esophagus
1.worldwide
2.western world?

A
  1. Worldwide: squamous
  2. Western world : adenocarcinoma
73
Q

Squamous cancer affects which part of esphagus?

A

Upper 1/3
Middle 1/3
Lower 1/3 : adenocarcinoma

74
Q

Risk factors of squamous esophagus cancer ?

A

HPV
Smoking
Alcohol
Hot beverages
SOX2 mutation
Plummer vinson syndrome
Preservation rich food
Drugs/radiation

Tylosis palmaris

75
Q

Which factor is protective in adenocarcinoma of esophagus?

A

H.pylori

76
Q

C/f of esophageal cancer?

A

Dysphagia (solids more than liquids)
Anorexia
Weight loss

77
Q

Rat tail appearance on barium swallow?

A

Esophagus cancer

78
Q

IHC markers of SCC?

A

Cytokeratin
P63

79
Q

Most important prognostic factor for esophageal cancer?

A

Depth of invasion

80
Q

Esosinophilic keratin pearls seen in ?

A

Esophageal cancer hallmark

81
Q

Portal triad?

A

Hepatic artery
Portal vein
Bile duct

82
Q

What is space of disse?

A

Space between hepatocytes & sinusoidal ring

83
Q

Sinusoids of liver lined by ?

A

Kupffer cells

84
Q

hapatocytes have abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm due to what?

A

Increased mitochondria

85
Q

1st site for amyloid deposition in liver?

A

Space of disse

86
Q

Function of ito cells ?

A

Vitamin A storage
Collagen synthesis

87
Q

Stem cells of liver?

A

Oval cells

88
Q

Most susceptible lobe of liver to ischemia ?

A

Zone 3 centrilobular

89
Q

Jaundice causes
UCB
CB?

A

CB(direct): Dubin johnson, rotor, PBC, obstruction
UCB: Crigler najjar, gilbert, hemolytic anaemia

90
Q

Type of inheritance in crigler najjar 1 and 2 ?

A

CN-1 : AR
CN-2 : AD

91
Q

Crigler najjar 1 defect?

A

Complete deficiency of UGTA1

92
Q

Defect in Gilbert?

A

Mild defect in UGTA1

93
Q

Crigler najjar 2 defect?

A

Mild deficiency of UGTA1

94
Q

Treatment of crigler najjar 2 ?

A

Phenobarbitone

95
Q

Dark pigmented liver
MRP2 defect
Diagnosis?

A

Dubin johnson syndrome

96
Q

Organic anion transport defect
Non pigmented liver
Diagnosis?

A

Rotor syndrome

97
Q

Type of collagen in liver cirrhosis?

A

1 & 3

98
Q

Liver cirrhosis causes ?

A

A : alcohol
B : PBC,PSC
C : cryptogenic cirrhosis
D : drug induced cirrhosis
E : enzyme induced(A1ATD)
H : Hepatitis, hemochromatosis
W : wilson disease

Pathology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions