Pathology Flashcards
What are the 2 main imaging modalities used to diagnose breast pathologies?
1) Mammogram
2) Ultrasound
What are the 2 main biopsy techniques used for laboratory testing of suspected breast cancers?
1) Fine needle aspiration biopsy
2) 14 gauge needle core biopsy
On a xray, a premenopausal breast appears (more/less) radiodense than a post-menopausal breast.
More
Why are inflammatory conditions of the breast most common in lactating women?
More milk
→ proliferation of Staphylococci in stagnant milk
→ Acute inflammation w neutrophils
→ Acute abscess formation
(Acute mastitis)
What are 4 examples of inflammatory conditions affecting the breast?
1) Acute mastitis
2) Periductal mastitis
3) Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis
4) Duct ectasia
5) Fat necrosis (usually trauma caused)
6) Inflammatory breast cancer
What are 3 Rx for a breast abscess?
1) Antibiotics
2) Excision
3) Incision and drainage
What is idiopathic granulomatous mastitis?
Rare inflammatory condition in parous women
- unknown etiology (might be HS rxn)
What are 2 Ddx of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis?
1) Malignancy
2) TB
What are 3 Rx for idiopathic granulomatous mastitis?
1) Steroids
2) Immunosuppressives
3) Surgery
What is a possible complication of breast augmentation such as paraffin injections, implants or autologous tissue?
Paraffinoma
- foreign-body type multinucleate giant cell reaction
What is an example of a common non-proliferative breast lesion?
Fibrocystic changes
Fibrocystic breast changes EPC:
Symptomatic in only _____% of women
Occurs during ______ age
Fibrocystic breast changes EPC:
Symptomatic in only 10% of women
Occurs during reproductive age
How does a breast with fibrocystic change present?
Surgeon: Lumpy bumpy breast on palpation
Radiologist: Dense breast with cysts
Characteristic microscopic findings:
1) Fibrosis
2) Cysts
3) Apocrine metaplasia
4) Epithelial hyperplasia
What is the main determinant of malignancy risk for a breast with fibrocystic change?
Degree of epithelial hyperplasia
(also look at:
i) proliferative/non-proliferative
ii) atypia
iii) Carcinoma in Situ)
What are the characteristic histological findings of fibrocystic changes in the breast?
1) Fibrosis
2) Cysts
3) Apocrine metaplasia
4) Epithelial hyperplasia
What are 2 epithelial tumours of the breast?
1) Papilloma
2) Carcinoma
What an example of a myoepithelial tumours of the breast?
Adenomyoepithelioma
What is an example of a mesenchymal tumour of the breast?
Lipoma
What are 2 examples of fibroepithelial tumours of the breast?
1) Fibroadenoma
2) Phyllodes
What is an example of a tumour of the nipple?
Paget’s
What are 2 examples of tumours in the male breast?
1) Gynaecomastia
2) Carcinoma
What are 3 examples of benign epithelial tumours of the breast?
1) Intraduct papilloma
2) Fibroadenoma
3) Phyllodes tumour
4) Nipple adenoma
Fibroadenoma EPC:
- (Common/Rare) benign lesion
- Highest prevalence in (young/old) women
- Peak prevalence around ____y
Fibroadenoma EPC:
- Common benign lesion
- Highest prevalence in young women
- Peak prevalence around 25y