Pathology

Question 1

Markers of apoptosis

Answer 1

Annexin V
CD 95

Question 2

2 important annexins in pathology

Answer 2

Annexin V in apoptosis
Annexin A1 in hairy cell leukemia

Question 3

On PAGE, patterns seen for apoptosis and necrosis

Answer 3

1. Apoptosis: step ladder pattern
2. Necrosis: Smear pattern

Question 4

Coagulative necrosis is seen in?

Answer 4

All solid organs except brain

Question 5

Coagulative necrosis is a form of ____ gangrene. It is most commonly seen in the ___

Answer 5

Dry
Heart

Question 6

Liquefactive necrosis is seen in

Answer 6

Brain

Question 7

Liquefactive necrosis is commonly seen in ___ infections. It is a form of ___gangrene

Answer 7

Fungal
Wet

Question 8

Fibrinoid necrosis is seen in what types of HS reactions?

Answer 8

type 2 and 3

Question 9

Examples of fibroinoid necrosis

Answer 9

PAN, Ascoff’s nodules, malignant HTN

Question 10

Antiapoptotic factors

Answer 10

BCL family
bcl-2, bcl-xl, mcl-1

Question 11

Proapoptotic factors

Answer 11

BAK, BAX

BAD, BIM, BID, Puma, Noxa

Question 12

Organism in which extensive studies on apoptosis was conducted

Answer 12

C. elegans

Nematode

Question 13

Initiator caspases of apoptosis

Answer 13

8,9

Question 14

Executioner caspases of apoptosis

Answer 14

3,6,7

Question 15

Which is the fever inducing cytokine?

Answer 15

IL-1

Question 16

What is the name for ‘programmed necrosis’?

Answer 16

Necroptosis

Question 17

Physiological causes of necroptosis

Answer 17

Development of mammilian growth plate

Question 18

Pathological causes of necroptosis

Answer 18

Acute steatohepatitis
Acute pancreatitis
Neurodegenerative disorders

Question 19

MC genetic cause of hypercoagulable state

Answer 19

Factor V leiden mutation

Question 20

Lack of what immunophenotype is seen in hyper IgM syndrome

Answer 20

CD40, CD40L

Question 21

What is the defect in Hyper IgM syndrome?

Answer 21

defect in class switching

Question 22

MC manifestation in hyper IgM syndrome

Answer 22

Reccurent pyogenic infections
MC: pneumonia by Pneumocystis jirovecii

Question 23

Triad seen in Wiscott Aldrich syndrome

Answer 23

Eczema
Thrombocytopenia
Recurrent infections

Question 24

Mutation in Wiscott Aldrich Syndrome

Answer 24

Wasp protein

Question 25

What deficiency in Wiscott Aldrich syndrome

Answer 25

CD8 T cell deficiency
IgM low
Ig A and Ig E high

Question 26

Gene responsible for Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia

Answer 26

Btk gene

Question 27

What is the secondary effect seen in Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia?

Answer 27

Failure of B cells to mature, absent plasma cells

Question 28

Infections associated with Bruton’s agammaglobulinemia

Answer 28

H. influnzae
S. aureus

Question 29

Gene responsible for DiGeorge syndrome

Answer 29

Deletion of chromosome 22q11

Question 30

Secondary effect of Digeorge syndrome

Answer 30

Failure to develop 3rd and 4th pharyngeal pouches
T cell defect

Question 31

Features of DiGeorge syndrome

Answer 31

CATCH 22

Question 32

Gene defect in ataxia telangiectasia

Answer 32

ATM gene on chromosome 11

Question 33

Defect seen in ataxia telagiectasia

Answer 33

Both B cell and T cell defect

Question 34

Regulation of T lymphocytes by Thymus is done by

Answer 34

AIRE gene

Question 35

Mutation of AIRE gene can cause

Answer 35

Autoimmune polyendocrinopathy

Question 36

Most affected gene is T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL)

Answer 36

NOTCH 1

Question 37

NOTCH 1 gene is associated with what function

Answer 37

Signal transduction

Question 38

E2A mutation is seen in

Answer 38

Burkitt’s lymphoma