OBG Flashcards
Leucorrhea
Excessive normal vaginal discharge
Relation of vaginal secretion with endogenous estrogen levels
rising estrogen –> abundant secretory activity of endocervical glands and superficial vaginal epithelium becomes rich in glycogen
Conditions where there is increased vaginal secretion d/t increased estrogen
- Puberty
- Menstrual cycle
- Pregnancy
- Sexual excitement
Strawberry cervix is seen in
Trichomonas vaginitis
Clue cells are seen in
Bacterial vaginosis
Most common cause of puberty menorrhagia
Anovulation
Anovulatory cycles –> unopposed estrogen —> endometrial hyperplasia –> prolonged and heavy periods
Causes of puberty menorrhagia
- Endocrine dysfunction:
PCOS
Hypo/hyperthyroidism - Hematological causes:
Idiopathic thrombocytic purpura
Von Willibrand disease
Leukemia - Pelvic causes:
Fibroids
Sarcoma botryroides
Estrogen producing ovarian tumors
Treatment of pubertal menorrhagia
Reassurance
Correction of anemia
In refractory cases- progestogens (Medroxyprogesterone acetate or norethisterone) 5mg thrice daily till bleeding stops
Bleeding stops by 3-7 days; medications continues till 21 days
In emergency, conjugated equine estrogen 20-40 mg IV given every 6-8 hrs
SRY region is located in
Short arm of Y chromosome
SRY gene produces protein called
testis determining factor
causes gonads to develop into testis
Clue cells are
epithelial cells covered by bacteria
seen in bacterial vaginosis
Bacterial vaginosis is caused by
Gardnerella vaginalis
Hemophilus vaginalis
Mobiluncus curtisii
Mycoplasma hominis
Amsel’s criteria is
for diagnosing bacterial vaginosis
3 out of 4 should be present
1. Thin, white homogenous vaginal discharge
2. Fishy odor accentuated by adding 10% KOH- Whiff test
3. pH > 4.5
4. Clue cells
Treatment of bacterial vaginosis
Oral metronidazole 500mg BD for 7 days
OR
Ampicillin 500 mg or Cephalosporin 500 mg BD for 7 days
HRT decreases the risk of
Colon cancer
