pathology Flashcards
Arrhythmias
Heart rate/rhythm issue in the heartbeat
Heart block
Obstruction of heart muscle’s electrical pulses
Flutter
Fast beating in heart’s upper chambers
Fibrillation
fast and irregular beats from upper heart chambers (>400 bpm)
Coarctation of the aorta (CoA)
Narrowing of aorta at birth
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
Persistent opening between major heart blood vessels
Septal defects (ASD and VSD)
Hole in heart wall dividing upper chambers
Tetralogy of Fallot
Defect affecting normal heart blood flow
Congestive heart disease (CHF):
inefficient blood pumping by the heart
Coronary artery disease (CAD):
inadequate blood, oxygen, and nutrient supply to the heart
Atherosclerosis
artery thickening due to plaque buildup
Thrombotic occlusion
absence of flow in a vessel; mural thrombi attach to vessel walls
Ischemia
restricted blood flow in body part
Necrosis
tissue death from insufficient blood flow
Infarction
blockage of blood supply to organ or tissue
Acute coronary syndromes (ACS)
group of diseases reducing heart blood flow
Nitrates:
vasodilation medication by donating nitric oxide
Aspirin
common painkiller
Beta-blockers
lower blood pressure
ACE inhibitors
manage hypertension
Calcium channel blockers
reduce blood pressure
Statins
lower cholesterol and heart attack/stroke risk
coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG)
improves heart blood flow surgically
Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI
non-surgical treatment for coronary artery blockages
