Pathology

Question 1

Area of science focusing on all the changes of cells, tissues, and organs that underly a disease.

Answer 1

Pathology

Question 2

Refers to the cause of disease.

Answer 2

Etiology

Question 3

Manner of how the disease developed.

Answer 3

Pathogenesis

Question 4

Basic unit of life.

Answer 4

Cell

Question 5

Incomplete/defective development of tissue/organ.

Answer 5

Aplasia

Question 6

Complete NON-APPEARANCE of an organ.

Answer 6

Agenesia

Question 7

Failure of an organ to reach normal mature adult size.

Answer 7

Hypoplasia

Question 8

Failure of an organ to form an opening.

Answer 8

Atresia

Question 9

Affected cell can return to its normal state by using several cellular adaptation mechanisms.

Answer 9

Reversible Injury

Question 10

Can no longer return to its normal state. Considered as the “point of no return”
which may lead to cell death.

Answer 10

Irreversible Injury

Question 11

Types of cell death: Physiologic and Normal Process.

Answer 11

Apoptosis

Question 12

Types of cell death: Pathologic and Due to a disease.

Answer 12

Necrosis

Question 13

Acquired decrease in tissue or organ size.

Answer 13

Atrophy

Question 14

Occurs as a consequence of maturation.

Answer 14

Physiologic Atrophy

Question 15

Decrease in tissue or organ size is due to a disease.

Answer 15

Pathologic Atrophy

Question 16

caused by sudden cut off of blood supply.

Answer 16

Vascular Atrophy

Question 17

May happen due to lack of nutritional supply.

Answer 17

Starvation/Hunger Atrophy

Question 18

May develop due to excessive workload.

Answer 18

Exhaustion Atrophy

Question 19

May occur due to lack of hormones needed to maintain the normal size of a tissue/organ.

Answer 19

Endocrine Atrophy

Question 20

May occur due to inactivity or diminished function.

Answer 20

Atrophy of Disuse

Question 21

Persistent pressure on a tissue/organ may cause direct injury to the cell causing to a decrease in size.

Answer 21

Pressure Atrophy

Question 22

There is an increase in tissue/organ size due to the increase in the SIZE of individual cells comprising the organ. No NEW CELLS are produced.

Answer 22

Hypertrophy

Question 23

May happen if one of the paired organs is removed.

Answer 23

Compensatory Hyperthrophy

Question 24

Hypertrophy due to a disease.

Answer 24

Pathologic Hypertrophy

Question 25

There is an increase in tissue/organ size due to increased NUMBER of cells comprising the organ.

Answer 25

Hyperplasia

Question 26

Involves transformation of adult cells into another adult cells.

Answer 26

Metaplasia

Question 27

Also known as Pre-neoplastic Lesion/Atypical Metaplasia.

Answer 27

Dysplasia

Question 28

Transformation of adult cells into primitive or embryonic cell type. Also known as De-Diiferentiation.

Answer 28

Anaplasia

Question 29

Process of tumor formation.

Answer 29

Neoplasia

Question 30

study of tumors or neoplasms.

Answer 30

Oncology

Question 31

_____ is a type of cell death that is programmed; Cell shrinkage; No leakage of cellular contents.

Answer 31

Apoptosis

Question 32

_____ is a type of cell death that is due to a disease; Cell swelling; Cellular contents leaked out

Answer 32

Necrosis

Question 33

Cardinal signs of inflammation: _____ - redness; due to increase dilation of blood vessels

Answer 33

Rubor

Question 34

Cardinal signs of inflammation : _______ - pain; due to release of chemical substances

Answer 34

Dolor

Question 35

Cardinal signs of inflammation : _______ - Heat; transfer of internal heat to the site of injury of tissue

Answer 35

Calor

Question 36

Cardinal signs of inflammation : _______ - swelling; due to the extravascular accumulation of fluid

Answer 36

Tumor

Question 37

Cardinal signs of inflammation : _______ - destruction of the functioninh units of tissue

Answer 37

Function laesa

Question 38

________ refers to the death of the entire body; changes that can be noted in the body

Answer 38

Somatic death

Question 39

_______ is a common term for all malignant tumors

Answer 39

Cancer

Question 40

________ is a tissue reaction to injury "itis", a complex reaction to various injurious agents

Answer 40

Inflammation

Question 41

Changes that can be noted/observed IMMEDIATELY AFTER DEATH

Answer 41

Primary changes

Question 42

Changes that can be noted FEW HOURS AFTER DEATH

Answer 42

Secondary changes

Question 43

_______ - Cooling of the body; first secondary change to appear

Answer 43

Algor Mortis

Question 44

_____ - Rigidity ; stiffening of muscles

Answer 44

Rigor Mortis

Question 45

_____ - purplish discoloration of skin due to sinking of fluid blood into the capillaries of the dependent parts

Answer 45

Livor mortis / lividity / post mortem hemolysis

Question 46

______- blood will clot

Answer 46

Post mortem clotting

Question 47

Destruction of cells or tissues

Answer 47

Autolysis

Question 48

Release of foul odor due to increase (bacterial decomposition) in saprophytic organ

Answer 48

Putrefaction

Question 49

Drying and wrinkling of the anterior chamber of the eyeand cornea

Answer 49

Dessication

Question 50

It involves examination fo dead body

Answer 50

Autopsy

Question 51

Most important requirement for autopsy is?

Answer 51

Get a CONSENT from the nearest kin of the patient

Question 52

______ - cadaver is opened from both shoulders down from the xiphoid area; usually done in adult cadavers

Answer 52

Y-shaped incision

Question 53

_______ cadaver is opened from midline of the body from the suprasternal notch down to the pubis ; commonly done in children and infants

Answer 53

Straight cut incision

Question 54

Principal techniques of autopsy: The organs are removed from the body ONE BY ONE

Answer 54

Technique by RUDOLF VIRCHOW

Question 55

Principal techniques of autopsy: "In situ dissection" Dissection is carried out in its original place

Answer 55

Technique by KARL ROKITANSKY

Question 56

Father of modern pathology

Answer 56

RUDOLF VIRCHOW

Question 57

"en-bloc" removal of organs; Organs are removed by group

Answer 57

Technique by ANTON GHON

Question 58

"en-masses" removal of organs; ALL organs are removed at same time

Answer 58

Technique by M. LETULLE (LETTULE)