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HISTOPATH > Pathology > Flashcards

Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

Area of science focusing on all the changes of cells, tissues, and organs that underly a disease.

A

Pathology

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2
Q

Refers to the cause of disease.

A

Etiology

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3
Q

Manner of how the disease developed.

A

Pathogenesis

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4
Q

Basic unit of life.

A

Cell

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5
Q

Incomplete/defective development of tissue/organ.

A

Aplasia

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6
Q

Complete NON-APPEARANCE of an organ.

A

Agenesia

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7
Q

Failure of an organ to reach normal mature adult size.

A

Hypoplasia

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8
Q

Failure of an organ to form an opening.

A

Atresia

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9
Q

Affected cell can return to its normal state by using several cellular adaptation mechanisms.

A

Reversible Injury

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10
Q

Can no longer return to its normal state. Considered as the “point of no return”
which may lead to cell death.

A

Irreversible Injury

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11
Q

Types of cell death: Physiologic and Normal Process.

A

Apoptosis

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12
Q

Types of cell death: Pathologic and Due to a disease.

A

Necrosis

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13
Q

Acquired decrease in tissue or organ size.

A

Atrophy

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14
Q

Occurs as a consequence of maturation.

A

Physiologic Atrophy

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15
Q

Decrease in tissue or organ size is due to a disease.

A

Pathologic Atrophy

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16
Q

caused by sudden cut off of blood supply.

A

Vascular Atrophy

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17
Q

May happen due to lack of nutritional supply.

A

Starvation/Hunger Atrophy

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18
Q

May develop due to excessive workload.

A

Exhaustion Atrophy

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19
Q

May occur due to lack of hormones needed to maintain the normal size of a tissue/organ.

A

Endocrine Atrophy

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20
Q

May occur due to inactivity or diminished function.

A

Atrophy of Disuse

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21
Q

Persistent pressure on a tissue/organ may cause direct injury to the cell causing to a decrease in size.

A

Pressure Atrophy

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22
Q

There is an increase in tissue/organ size due to the increase in the SIZE of individual cells comprising the organ. No NEW CELLS are produced.

A

Hypertrophy

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23
Q

May happen if one of the paired organs is removed.

A

Compensatory Hyperthrophy

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24
Q

Hypertrophy due to a disease.

A

Pathologic Hypertrophy

25
Q

There is an increase in tissue/organ size due to increased NUMBER of cells comprising the organ.

A

Hyperplasia

26
Q

Involves transformation of adult cells into another adult cells.

A

Metaplasia

27
Q

Also known as Pre-neoplastic Lesion/Atypical Metaplasia.

A

Dysplasia

28
Q

Transformation of adult cells into primitive or embryonic cell type. Also known as De-Diiferentiation.

A

Anaplasia

29
Q

Process of tumor formation.

A

Neoplasia

30
Q

study of tumors or neoplasms.

A

Oncology

31
Q

_____ is a type of cell death that is programmed; Cell shrinkage; No leakage of cellular contents.

A

Apoptosis

32
Q

_____ is a type of cell death that is due to a disease; Cell swelling; Cellular contents leaked out

A

Necrosis

33
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation:

_____ - redness; due to increase dilation of blood vessels

A

Rubor

34
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation :

_______ - pain; due to release of chemical substances

A

Dolor

35
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation :

_______ - Heat; transfer of internal heat to the site of injury of tissue

A

Calor

36
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation :

_______ - swelling; due to the extravascular accumulation of fluid

A

Tumor

37
Q

Cardinal signs of inflammation :

_______ - destruction of the functioninh units of tissue

A

Function laesa

38
Q

________ refers to the death of the entire body; changes that can be noted in the body

A

Somatic death

39
Q

_______ is a common term for all malignant tumors

A

Cancer

40
Q

________ is a tissue reaction to injury “itis”, a complex reaction to various injurious agents

A

Inflammation

41
Q

Changes that can be noted/observed IMMEDIATELY AFTER DEATH

A

Primary changes

42
Q

Changes that can be noted FEW HOURS AFTER DEATH

A

Secondary changes

43
Q

_______ - Cooling of the body; first secondary change to appear

A

Algor Mortis

44
Q

_____ - Rigidity ; stiffening of muscles

A

Rigor Mortis

45
Q

_____ - purplish discoloration of skin due to sinking of fluid blood into the capillaries of the dependent parts

A

Livor mortis / lividity / post mortem hemolysis

46
Q

______- blood will clot

A

Post mortem clotting

47
Q

Destruction of cells or tissues

A

Autolysis

48
Q

Release of foul odor due to increase (bacterial decomposition) in saprophytic organ

A

Putrefaction

49
Q

Drying and wrinkling of the anterior chamber of the eyeand cornea

A

Dessication

50
Q

It involves examination fo dead body

A

Autopsy

51
Q

Most important requirement for autopsy is?

A

Get a CONSENT from the nearest kin of the patient

52
Q

______ - cadaver is opened from both shoulders down from the xiphoid area; usually done in adult cadavers

A

Y-shaped incision

53
Q

_______ cadaver is opened from midline of the body from the suprasternal notch down to the pubis ; commonly done in children and infants

A

Straight cut incision

54
Q

Principal techniques of autopsy:

The organs are removed from the body ONE BY ONE

A

Technique by RUDOLF VIRCHOW

55
Q

Principal techniques of autopsy:

“In situ dissection”
Dissection is carried out in its original place

A

Technique by KARL ROKITANSKY

56
Q

Father of modern pathology

A

RUDOLF VIRCHOW

57
Q

“en-bloc” removal of organs; Organs are removed by group

A

Technique by ANTON GHON

58
Q

“en-masses” removal of organs; ALL organs are removed at same time

A

Technique by M. LETULLE (LETTULE)

HISTOPATH (3 decks)

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