Pathology Flashcards
Disease
def: a biologic or psychologic alteration that results in malfunction of a body organ or system
usually describes a biomedical condition and can occur without awareness
Illness
def: sickness or deviation from a healthy state; the perception and response of the person not being well
Acute Illness
def: refers to an illness or disease that has a relatively rapid onset and short duration
can include physical symptoms, cognitive awareness, and emotional response
Chronic Illness
def: permanent impairment or disability with a need for special rehab or long-term medical management
potential for decrease in quality of life
Premorbid
before illness
Pathology
the branch of medicine that investigates the essential nature of disease
aka the structural and functional changes in the body caused by disease or trauma
Clinical Pathology
the pathology applied to the solution of clinical problems
Pathogenesis
the development of unhealthy conditions or disease
Cognitive Disability: Executive Functions
def: described as cortical functions involved in formulating goals and planning, initiating, monitoring, and maintaining behavior
controlled by the right hemisphere (can also be a result of apraxia and/or unilateral neglect)
impairment: a person with executive function deficits typically appear inert or apathetic (lack of involvement)
Cognitive Disability: Behavior
can include overt motor behavior, affective, and social behavior
Cognitive Disability: Complex Problem Solving
def: the effective handling of new information
impairment: concrete thinking, inability to distinguish the relevant from the irrelevant, erroneous application of rules, and difficulty generalizing from one situation to another
Cognitive Disability: Information Processing
def: the speed with which information travels from one part of the brain to another
orchestration of information (complex problem solving) vs. efficient transfer of information (___ ___)
Cognitive Disability: Memory Deficits
result from a failure to store or retrieve information; typically acquired rather than developmental
ex: client may appear to be suffering from a memory dysfunction when actually the decreased attention span is a result of depression that has reduced learning
Cognitive Disability: Learning Disability
def: difficulty acquiring information in specific domains in a person with normal or near-normal intelligence
ex: spelling, arithmetic, reading, and visual-spatial relationships
Activity
the execution of specific tasks
limitations are difficulties a person might have in executing activities
Participation
the individual’s involvement in life situations
restrictions are problems the individual might have in real-life situations
Terminology of Traditional Medical Models of Health care
etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prognosis
Terminology of ICF model of Health Care
impairments, intervention, desired outcomes, functional limitations
Health Promotion
built on the principles of self-responsibility, nutritional awareness, stress reduction, and management
Primary Prevention of Diseases
def: removing or reducing disease risk factors
ex: wearing a helmet, no smoking or no speeding signs, immunizations
Secondary Prevention of Diseases
def: to promote early detection of disease and to employ preventive measures to avoid further complications
ex: TB test, colonoscopy, antibiotics
Tertiary Prevention of Diseases
def: limit the impact of established disease, involves rehab; goal is to return the person to the highest possible level of functioning and to prevent severe disabilities
ex: therapy, surgery
Genomic Variation
sequence differences among individuals that may be associated with health and disease
Genomic Medicine
implementation and application of precision medication in which prevention/intervention strategies are tailored to the individual based on analyses of genomic or cellular information as well as information about the individual’s environment, activities , behavior, and social networks
Who is Louis Pasteur
creator of germ theory
Who is Douglas Wallace?
made a ground-breaking study of mitochondrial DNA in the beginning of the 21st century
What happened in 1990?
the human genome project started
What are sex differences in the brain are largely determined by?
steroid hormone exposure during a perinatal sensitive period
What does Senescence mean?
The process or condition of growing older. 3 things to know: Continuous Cellular Metabolism, Cellular damage, Inefficient repair
