Pathology

Question 1

3 most common causes of cancer deaths in men (highest to lowest)

Answer 1

1) Lung
2) Prostate
3) Colon
4) Oesophagus

Question 2

3 most common causes of cancer in men?

Answer 2

1) Prostate
2) Lung
3) Bowel
4) Head and neck

Question 3

Which conditions are DAT +ve?

Answer 3

Autoimmune (and alloimmune) haemolysis

NOT hereditary spherocytosis

Question 4

What temperature are platelets stored at?

Answer 4

22 (room temp)

Question 5

Reed-Sternberg Cell

Answer 5

Owl Eyes - sign of Hodgkins Lymphoma

Question 6

Which clotting factors are affected by warfarin, which is affected first?

Answer 6

2,7,9,10
7 is affected
INR is measures

Question 7

JAK V617F

Answer 7

Polycythaemia Rubra Vera

Question 8

What is the most common cause of portal vein thrombosis?

Answer 8

Cirrhosis

Question 9

Most common cause of a fluctuant breast mass?

Answer 9

Fibroadenoma

Question 10

H Pylori - how much does it increase risk of cancer?

Which toxin can it inject

Answer 10

x8

Cag A

Question 11

Diffuse cell cancers of the stomach

Answer 11

Signet ring cell carcinoma and linitus plastica

Question 12

What are the two types of barretts

Answer 12

1) intestinal - goblet cells

2) gastric - no goblet cells

Question 13

Which cancer is associated with coeliacs?

Answer 13

Enteropathy Associated T cell Lymphoma (EATL)

Question 14

Temporal Encephalitis organism

Answer 14

HSV

Question 15

Which enzyme does Allopurinol affect?

Answer 15

Xanthine Oxidase

Question 16

Type of emphysema and their associations

Answer 16

Centrilobular - smoking and bronchitis

Pan-acinar - A1AT

Question 17

Which enzyme causes hypercalcaemia in sarcoidosis?

Answer 17

Alpha 1 Hydroxylase - increased conversion to calcitriol

Question 18

John Cunningham (JC virus)

Answer 18

Progressive MultiFocal Leukoencephalopathy

Question 19

CD…? for B cells, T cells, AML

Answer 19

19,23
2,3,5,8
13,33,MPO

Question 20

CD40 mutation is associated with what?

Answer 20

Hyper IgM syndrome

Question 21

IL2RG mutation

Answer 21

X-linked SCID

low NK cells, low T cells

Question 22

Halo sign CXR vs Brain MRI

Answer 22

Aspergillosus vs Cerebral abcess

Question 23

Post transplant lymphoproliferative disorder is cause by which virus?

Answer 23

EBV (HHV4)

Question 24

Which period of pregnancy has the highest VTE risk?

Answer 24

post partum

Question 25

What would you see on a blood film of lymphadenitis (or normal infection response?)

Answer 25

left shift and toxic granulation

Question 26

Chance of a sibling being HLA identical

Answer 26

1:4

Question 27

Most common cause of mitral stenosis

Answer 27

Rheumatic fever | warty vegetations

Question 28

Which vaccine is a conjugate + a polysaccharide and protein carrier?

Answer 28

S. Pneumonia

Question 29

How does liver failure cause pulmonary oedema?

Answer 29

Reduced albumin leads to reduced osmotic pressure

Question 30

What is the chance of TB transmission to close contacts

Answer 30

10%

Question 31

Define ulcer vs erosion

Answer 31

Ulcer: breaks through the basement membrane into the dermis Erosion: a discontinuation in the epithelial cell surface

Question 32

Di George's syndrome symptoms

Answer 32

Low set ears, cleft palate, learning difficulties Congenital Heart Disease Underdeveloped Thymus = hypoparathyroid (low Ca) SCID

Question 33

Haematological changes in pregnancy?

Answer 33

``` Plasma volume ↑↑ Red cell mass ↑ Haemoglobin ↓ MCV ↑ Haematocrit ↓ Platelets ↓ WCC ↑ Factors VII, VIII, IX, X, XII ↑ Factor XI ↓ Protein S ↓ ```

Question 34

Follicular B cell Lymphoma mutation

Answer 34

t(14:18)

Question 35

Promyelocytic Leukaemia mutation

Answer 35

t(15,17)

Question 36

What type of lymphoma is seen in young women with a mediastinal mass?

Answer 36

Nodular Sclerosing Hodgkins Lymphoma

Question 37

Which CD** is aberrantly expressed in CLL (B-cell)?

Answer 37

CD5