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Clin Med II > Pathologies Related to the Pelvis and Hip II > Flashcards

Pathologies Related to the Pelvis and Hip II Flashcards

1
Q

With colorectal cancer:

Colon
- _____ food and form it into _______

  • ________ feed on waste and _____ it down further
A

Dehydrate; stool

Bacteria; break

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2
Q

With colorectal cancer, the ______ is where the stool is stored prior to a bowel movement

A

rectum

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3
Q

With colorectal cancer it is the ____ MOST common cancer

A

3rd

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4
Q

Colorectal cancer is the _____ leading cause of cancer death

A

2nd

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5
Q

Colorectal cancer MOST commonly metastasizes to the _______

A

thorax

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6
Q

What is the etiology of colorectal cancer?

A

unknown

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7
Q

Risk factors for colorectal cancer:

> ____ years of age
_______ hx
Biological ______
________ ________ syndrome
________
_________/_______ use
Diets low in _______ and high in ______ and _______ fats- SAD diet

A

50
family
male
irritable bowel
obesity
smoking; alcohol
veggies; sugar; animal

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8
Q

Pathogenesis of colorectal cancer:

malignant _______ that develops in the ______ intestines

A

neoplasm
large

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9
Q

Colorectal cancer S&S:

Hx
Cancer S&S

Possible _______ P! that is _____ and diffuse to the left lower quadrant in ___-____ distribution

Change in _____ function, even obstruction

A

referred; dull; T10-S2

bowel

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10
Q

With colorectal cancer, what is the hallmark sign?

A

bloody or black stools

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11
Q

With colorectal cancer, what would you observe?

A

wavelike motion in lower left quadrant if obstruction

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12
Q

Palpation of lymph nodes with colorectal cancer:

Abnormal
> __ cm, ____, and ______

Non-______ due to limited ________ with a typical _____ growth of MOST cancer

A

2; firm; immobile

tender; inflammation; slow

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13
Q

With colorectal cancer, there is P! with palpation and percussion in lower ______ quadrant with _______

A

left; inflammation

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14
Q

With colorectal cancer and vital signs, it will indicate a…?

A

fever

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15
Q

With colorectal cancer, as PT’s we should ensure routine screening such as a ________ beginning at the age of _____ years old

A

colonoscopy
45

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16
Q

With colorectal cancer, exercise helps ______ function and ______ time

A

bowel
transit

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17
Q

Colorectal cancer is a _____ referral to MD

A

Urgent

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18
Q

With cervical cancer:

Cervix function
- ____ _____ motility
- Protection from ______ and ______ objects
- Path for ______

A

sex cell

bacteria; foreign

birthing

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19
Q

Cervical cancer is _______ preventable

A

largely

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20
Q

What is the PRIMARY risk factor for cervical cancer?

A

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

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21
Q

Risk factors and etiology for cervical cancer:

_____ and ______ use that inhibits judgement

> _____ sexual partners

A

drug; alcohol

5

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22
Q

Cervical cancer incidence/prevalence:

_____ MOST common biological female cancer behind breast and colorectal

_______ in younger biological females

A

3rd

increasing

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23
Q

Pathogenesis of Cervical Cancer: HPV limits _______ suppresors in the ____ and allows _______ neoplasms to develop

A

neoplasm
cervix
malignant

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24
Q

Cervical Cancer S&S:

Hx
Cancer S&S
Pelvic or _____
Excessive and untimely _____
____/______/and or _____ dysfunction due to pressure from enlarged cervix

A

LBP
bleeding
bowel; bladder; sexual

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25
Q

Palpation of lymph nodes with cervical cancer:

Abnormal
> __ cm, ____, and ______

Non-______ due to limited ________ with a typical _____ growth of MOST cancer

A

2; firm; immobile

tender; inflammation; slow

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26
Q

With cervical cancer and vital signs, it will indicate a…?

A

fever

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27
Q

With cervical cancer for PT implications:

We should ensure regular ______ visits

Encourage HPV vaccine at ___-___ years of age- less effective after any sexual activity

A

OBGYN

11-12

28
Q

With cervical cancer, _____ decreases estrogen so decreased _____ density may be a side effect

A

radiation
bone

29
Q

Cervical cancer is a _______ referral to MD

A

Urgent

30
Q

________ is a slow growing malignant neoplasm

A

chondrosarcoma

31
Q

What is the etiology for chondrosarcoma?

A

sporadic and unknown

32
Q

Incidence with chondrosarcoma:

More common in the ____ and _____

Middle aged biological ______ MOST affected

A

pelvis; femur

males

33
Q

Pathogenesis of chondrosarcoma:

________ abnormalities lead to malignant _____ neoplasm and possible _____ changes

A

chromosomal
cartilage
bony

34
Q

Pathogenesis of chondrosarcoma:

Thickening of the _______

Destruction of the _____ and ______ bone

Soft tissue ______

A

cortex

medullary; cortical

mass

35
Q

Chondrosarcoma S&S

Hx
Progessive and local ______ and pain

_______ S&S

Possible ______ S&S if advanced

A

swelling
cancer
fracture

36
Q

With an Exam involving chondrosarcoma:

  • Potential ________ symptoms because of _____ occupying potential but it won’t match orthopedic conditions
  • Possible sign of the _______
  • Abnormal
    > __ cm, ____, and ______

Non-______ due to limited ________ with a typical _____ growth of MOST cancer

-

A

mechanical; space

buttock

2; firm; immobile

tender; inflammation; slow

37
Q

With chondrosarcoma, it is a _______ referral to MD

A

urgent

38
Q

Appendicitis overview:

______ function

Possibly a storehouse of ______ bacteria

Others say it is ______

A

unknown

good

useless

39
Q

________ is inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

40
Q

With appendicitis, it is MOST common in _____ _______

Biological ______>
Rare in ______ adults but half of all deaths due to ______ are in those > ___ years of age

A

late adolescence

males

older
rupture
70

41
Q

With appendicitis etiology it is ______ in __% of cases

_______ due to neoplasm, infection, foreign body preventing normal drainage

A

unknown; 50

obstruction

42
Q

_________ pathogenesis: inflammation that can result in infection, necrosis, and rupture

A

appendicitis

43
Q

Appendicitis S&S

Classic Sequence
- _________ to right lower quadrant _____ P!

  • May also have right ____ or _____ P!
  • Not _______
  • Possible _____ or ______ S&S
A

Periumbilical

pelvic

hip; groin

eating

infection; cancer

44
Q

With Appendicitis S&S:

It gets worse with increased _______ pressure

______ bending or ____ to ________

_______ maneuver (coughing, laughing, straining etc)

A

abdominal

forward; knee; chest

Valsalva

45
Q

Appendicitis S&S:

Observation: ________ and _______ with infection

ROM- P! and limitation with ____ and ______ flexion at end ranges

A

redness; swelling

hip; trunk

46
Q

Appendicitis S&S:

Lymph nodes
> 2 cm diameter, firm, and tender if ______ due to acute onset
> 2 cm diameter, firm, immobile and non-tender if ______

A

infection

cancer

47
Q

With an appendicitis abdominal quadrant assessment:

There will be…

______ or “pinch an inch” at ________ point

A

tenderness; McBurney

48
Q

What is the MOST accurate predictor of inflammation for appendicitis?

A

Rebound tenderness

49
Q

With appendicitis, the area will feel ____ and _____ in the ______ lower quadrant

Vital signs- ______

A

hot; swollen

right

fever

50
Q

Appendicitis is a ______ referral to MD unless ______ P! then that would be _______

A

urgent

severe

emergent

51
Q

With _______ _______ overview/pathogenesis: congenital or acquired weakness/tearing in the abdominal organ covering that allows portions of organs to mover out of their boundary or herniate

A

inguinal hernia

52
Q

What are the 4 etiologies for inguinal hernia?

A

Age
obesity/pregnancy
abdominal muscular
weakness
trauma (surgery or heavy lifting)

53
Q

What is the MOST common type of hernia in 75% of all hernias?

A

inguinal hernia

54
Q

Inguinal hernias can occur at ______ age

A

any

55
Q

Inguinal hernia S&S

Herniating organ may become ______ and ______ and may develop systemic S&S of the respective organ that is herniated

ROM- P! and limitation with _____ and _____ flexion at end ranges

Resistance/MMT- P! and limitation with _____ or _____ flexion activation

A

constricted; dysfunctional

hip; trunk

adominal; hip

56
Q

With inguinal hernias:

There will be P! with ______ and _______

Palpable _____, especially with trunk ______ activity like a crunch, coughing etc

A

percussion; palpation

bulge; flexor

57
Q

An inguinal hernia is an _____ referral to MD

A

Urgent

58
Q

______ or ________ _______ overview- an active local infection on a weakened or compromised joint at the site of the primary infection

A

septic or infective arthritis

59
Q

Risk factors/etiology for septic or infective arthritis:

_______ trauma- stabbing

Total ______ replacement

Chronic _____ damage (ex. RA or Age-related joint changes)

Diabetes

_________supression

_______ disease

_______ abuse

_____ _______ disease

_____ failure affects immunity

A

Penetrating

joint

joint

immuno

infectious

substance

sickle cell

renal

60
Q

Septic or infective arthritis is MOST common in the ______ joints, particularly the hip and _______

A

LE; knee

61
Q

With Septic or infective arthritis ______, children, and _____ adults are at increased risk

A

infants

older

62
Q

Septic or infective arthritis pathogenesis:

__________ invasion that could be bacterial, viral, or fungal

Multiplies rapidly due to
- weakened and ______ joint/health

  • most nature of ______ fluid in the joint
A

Microorganism
compromised

synovial

63
Q

Septic or infective arthritis pathogenesis:

Bacteria activates ______ factors that may lead to _______

Massive ______ or pannus erodes ______ cartilage and subchondral bone in a ______ WEEKS

A

clotting; thrombosis

inflammation; articular; FEW

64
Q

Septic or infective arthritis S&S

Hx and Observation

Acute AND sudden onset of…
- ________
- _______ and ________ gait if they can bear weight at all

A

infection

antalgic; asymmetrical

65
Q

Septic or infective arthritis SCAN

  • Refusal to move or allow affected joint to be moved; so ___, limited ____, and ______ in multiple if not all directions
  • Possible P! with _____ and relief with _____ depending on whether bone is involved or not
  • Possible sign of _______
A

P!; ROM; weaknesses

compression; distx

buttock

66
Q

Septic or infective arthritis
S&S

________ TTP

Abnormal Lymph Nodes
- > ___ cm diameter
- firm
- _____ due to rapid onset of inflammation with infection

Heat
_______

A

Severe
2
Tender
Swelling

67
Q

Septic or infective arthritis is a ______ referral

Early dx is critical to avoid permanent _____ and _____ damage

Treatment within ___ days of infection can prevent damage

A

emergent

joint; bone

4

Clin Med II (7 decks)

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