Pathologies Related to the Pelvis and Hip II Flashcards
With colorectal cancer:
Colon
- _____ food and form it into _______
- ________ feed on waste and _____ it down further
Dehydrate; stool
Bacteria; break
With colorectal cancer, the ______ is where the stool is stored prior to a bowel movement
rectum
With colorectal cancer it is the ____ MOST common cancer
3rd
Colorectal cancer is the _____ leading cause of cancer death
2nd
Colorectal cancer MOST commonly metastasizes to the _______
thorax
What is the etiology of colorectal cancer?
unknown
Risk factors for colorectal cancer:
> ____ years of age
_______ hx
Biological ______
________ ________ syndrome
________
_________/_______ use
Diets low in _______ and high in ______ and _______ fats- SAD diet
50
family
male
irritable bowel
obesity
smoking; alcohol
veggies; sugar; animal
Pathogenesis of colorectal cancer:
malignant _______ that develops in the ______ intestines
neoplasm
large
Colorectal cancer S&S:
Hx
Cancer S&S
Possible _______ P! that is _____ and diffuse to the left lower quadrant in ___-____ distribution
Change in _____ function, even obstruction
referred; dull; T10-S2
bowel
With colorectal cancer, what is the hallmark sign?
bloody or black stools
With colorectal cancer, what would you observe?
wavelike motion in lower left quadrant if obstruction
Palpation of lymph nodes with colorectal cancer:
Abnormal
> __ cm, ____, and ______
Non-______ due to limited ________ with a typical _____ growth of MOST cancer
2; firm; immobile
tender; inflammation; slow
With colorectal cancer, there is P! with palpation and percussion in lower ______ quadrant with _______
left; inflammation
With colorectal cancer and vital signs, it will indicate a…?
fever
With colorectal cancer, as PT’s we should ensure routine screening such as a ________ beginning at the age of _____ years old
colonoscopy
45
With colorectal cancer, exercise helps ______ function and ______ time
bowel
transit
Colorectal cancer is a _____ referral to MD
Urgent
With cervical cancer:
Cervix function
- ____ _____ motility
- Protection from ______ and ______ objects
- Path for ______
sex cell
bacteria; foreign
birthing
Cervical cancer is _______ preventable
largely
What is the PRIMARY risk factor for cervical cancer?
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Risk factors and etiology for cervical cancer:
_____ and ______ use that inhibits judgement
> _____ sexual partners
drug; alcohol
5
Cervical cancer incidence/prevalence:
_____ MOST common biological female cancer behind breast and colorectal
_______ in younger biological females
3rd
increasing
Pathogenesis of Cervical Cancer: HPV limits _______ suppresors in the ____ and allows _______ neoplasms to develop
neoplasm
cervix
malignant
Cervical Cancer S&S:
Hx
Cancer S&S
Pelvic or _____
Excessive and untimely _____
____/______/and or _____ dysfunction due to pressure from enlarged cervix
LBP
bleeding
bowel; bladder; sexual
Palpation of lymph nodes with cervical cancer:
Abnormal
> __ cm, ____, and ______
Non-______ due to limited ________ with a typical _____ growth of MOST cancer
2; firm; immobile
tender; inflammation; slow
With cervical cancer and vital signs, it will indicate a…?
fever
With cervical cancer for PT implications:
We should ensure regular ______ visits
Encourage HPV vaccine at ___-___ years of age- less effective after any sexual activity
OBGYN
11-12
With cervical cancer, _____ decreases estrogen so decreased _____ density may be a side effect
radiation
bone
Cervical cancer is a _______ referral to MD
Urgent
________ is a slow growing malignant neoplasm
chondrosarcoma
What is the etiology for chondrosarcoma?
sporadic and unknown
Incidence with chondrosarcoma:
More common in the ____ and _____
Middle aged biological ______ MOST affected
pelvis; femur
males
Pathogenesis of chondrosarcoma:
________ abnormalities lead to malignant _____ neoplasm and possible _____ changes
chromosomal
cartilage
bony
Pathogenesis of chondrosarcoma:
Thickening of the _______
Destruction of the _____ and ______ bone
Soft tissue ______
cortex
medullary; cortical
mass
Chondrosarcoma S&S
Hx
Progessive and local ______ and pain
_______ S&S
Possible ______ S&S if advanced
swelling
cancer
fracture
With an Exam involving chondrosarcoma:
- Potential ________ symptoms because of _____ occupying potential but it won’t match orthopedic conditions
- Possible sign of the _______
- Abnormal
> __ cm, ____, and ______
Non-______ due to limited ________ with a typical _____ growth of MOST cancer
-
mechanical; space
buttock
2; firm; immobile
tender; inflammation; slow
With chondrosarcoma, it is a _______ referral to MD
urgent
Appendicitis overview:
______ function
Possibly a storehouse of ______ bacteria
Others say it is ______
unknown
good
useless
________ is inflammation of the appendix
appendicitis
With appendicitis, it is MOST common in _____ _______
Biological ______>
Rare in ______ adults but half of all deaths due to ______ are in those > ___ years of age
late adolescence
males
older
rupture
70
With appendicitis etiology it is ______ in __% of cases
_______ due to neoplasm, infection, foreign body preventing normal drainage
unknown; 50
obstruction
_________ pathogenesis: inflammation that can result in infection, necrosis, and rupture
appendicitis
Appendicitis S&S
Classic Sequence
- _________ to right lower quadrant _____ P!
- May also have right ____ or _____ P!
- Not _______
- Possible _____ or ______ S&S
Periumbilical
pelvic
hip; groin
eating
infection; cancer
With Appendicitis S&S:
It gets worse with increased _______ pressure
______ bending or ____ to ________
_______ maneuver (coughing, laughing, straining etc)
abdominal
forward; knee; chest
Valsalva
Appendicitis S&S:
Observation: ________ and _______ with infection
ROM- P! and limitation with ____ and ______ flexion at end ranges
redness; swelling
hip; trunk
Appendicitis S&S:
Lymph nodes
> 2 cm diameter, firm, and tender if ______ due to acute onset
> 2 cm diameter, firm, immobile and non-tender if ______
infection
cancer
With an appendicitis abdominal quadrant assessment:
There will be…
______ or “pinch an inch” at ________ point
tenderness; McBurney
What is the MOST accurate predictor of inflammation for appendicitis?
Rebound tenderness
With appendicitis, the area will feel ____ and _____ in the ______ lower quadrant
Vital signs- ______
hot; swollen
right
fever
Appendicitis is a ______ referral to MD unless ______ P! then that would be _______
urgent
severe
emergent
With _______ _______ overview/pathogenesis: congenital or acquired weakness/tearing in the abdominal organ covering that allows portions of organs to mover out of their boundary or herniate
inguinal hernia
What are the 4 etiologies for inguinal hernia?
Age
obesity/pregnancy
abdominal muscular
weakness
trauma (surgery or heavy lifting)
What is the MOST common type of hernia in 75% of all hernias?
inguinal hernia
Inguinal hernias can occur at ______ age
any
Inguinal hernia S&S
Herniating organ may become ______ and ______ and may develop systemic S&S of the respective organ that is herniated
ROM- P! and limitation with _____ and _____ flexion at end ranges
Resistance/MMT- P! and limitation with _____ or _____ flexion activation
constricted; dysfunctional
hip; trunk
adominal; hip
With inguinal hernias:
There will be P! with ______ and _______
Palpable _____, especially with trunk ______ activity like a crunch, coughing etc
percussion; palpation
bulge; flexor
An inguinal hernia is an _____ referral to MD
Urgent
______ or ________ _______ overview- an active local infection on a weakened or compromised joint at the site of the primary infection
septic or infective arthritis
Risk factors/etiology for septic or infective arthritis:
_______ trauma- stabbing
Total ______ replacement
Chronic _____ damage (ex. RA or Age-related joint changes)
Diabetes
_________supression
_______ disease
_______ abuse
_____ _______ disease
_____ failure affects immunity
Penetrating
joint
joint
immuno
infectious
substance
sickle cell
renal
Septic or infective arthritis is MOST common in the ______ joints, particularly the hip and _______
LE; knee
With Septic or infective arthritis ______, children, and _____ adults are at increased risk
infants
older
Septic or infective arthritis pathogenesis:
__________ invasion that could be bacterial, viral, or fungal
Multiplies rapidly due to
- weakened and ______ joint/health
- most nature of ______ fluid in the joint
Microorganism
compromised
synovial
Septic or infective arthritis pathogenesis:
Bacteria activates ______ factors that may lead to _______
Massive ______ or pannus erodes ______ cartilage and subchondral bone in a ______ WEEKS
clotting; thrombosis
inflammation; articular; FEW
Septic or infective arthritis S&S
Hx and Observation
Acute AND sudden onset of…
- ________
- _______ and ________ gait if they can bear weight at all
infection
antalgic; asymmetrical
Septic or infective arthritis SCAN
- Refusal to move or allow affected joint to be moved; so ___, limited ____, and ______ in multiple if not all directions
- Possible P! with _____ and relief with _____ depending on whether bone is involved or not
- Possible sign of _______
P!; ROM; weaknesses
compression; distx
buttock
Septic or infective arthritis
S&S
________ TTP
Abnormal Lymph Nodes
- > ___ cm diameter
- firm
- _____ due to rapid onset of inflammation with infection
Heat
_______
Severe
2
Tender
Swelling
Septic or infective arthritis is a ______ referral
Early dx is critical to avoid permanent _____ and _____ damage
Treatment within ___ days of infection can prevent damage
emergent
joint; bone
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