Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Female GU / Breast > Pathologies of the Ovaries > Flashcards

Pathologies of the Ovaries Flashcards

1
Q

Polycystic ovarian syndrome normally occurs after menarche. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the symptoms of polycystic ovarian syndrome?

A

Oligomenorrhoea
Hirsutism
Infertility
Obesity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Why are ovarian tumours difficult to manage?

A

Often assymptomatic until well advanced

Clinical presentations between different types of tumour are often similar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Ovarian tumours can twist on their pedicles. What is the term for this?

A

Torsion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Ovarian tumours can twist on their pedicles. What symptoms would this cause?

A

Severe abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Abdominal swelling can occur in ovarian malignancy. In this case, what is causing the swelling?

A

Ascites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What types of tumours are encompassed by ovarian sex cord stromal tumours?

A

Granulosa and theca cell tumours
Sertoli and leading cell tumours
Tumours of fibroblasts in stroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What age of women commonly get granulosa cell tumours?

A

Age 45-55

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Granulosa cell tumours are rare. T/F?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What hormone is secreted by granulosa cell tumours to cause abnormal vaginal bleeding?

A

Oestrogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Granulosa cell tumours commonly recur or metastasise. T/F?

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Ovarian fibromas and thecfmas are usually malignant. T/F?

A

False - they are usually benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Meig’s syndrome describe a clinical condition in which there is an ovarian fibroma and also…?

A

Ascites and pleural effusion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How is Meig’s syndrome cured?

A

Removal of the ovarian fibroma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What type of tumour is an ovarian tumour with ascites most likely to be?

A

Carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What type of tumours are Brenner tumours?

A

Mixed surface epithelial / stromal tumours which are usually benign

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Epithelial ovarian tumours make up the majority of ovarian neoplasms. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Describe the appearance of a benign serous cyst adenoma?

A

Cyst has a thin wall lined by epithelium which resembles normal Fallopian tube epithelium
No cytological abnormalities, epithelium is one cell thick with no tufts, papillary area or solid growth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

In most cases the borderline serous cystadenoma is confirmed to the ovary. T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Borderline serous cyst adenomas can recur years after they are removed.T/F?

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What are the risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer?

A

Nulliparity

Family history

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Prolonged oral contraceptive use may increase the risk of epithelial ovarian cancer.T/F?

A

False - this may reduce the risk

23
Q

What are the different types of malignant surface epithelial tumours?

A 
High grade serous
Low grade serous
Endometrioid
Clear-cell carcinoma
Mucinous
24
Q

Malignant serous tumours usually occur at an older age than benign tumours. T/F?

A

True

25
Q

Benign serous carcinomas are always unilateral. T/F?

A

False- they can be bilateral

26
Q

Describe the appearance of benign serous tumours

A

Smooth, shining serial cover and cysts filled with a clear serous fluid, lined by a single layer of tall columnar epithelium (some of which are ciliated)

27
Q

Low grade serous carcinomas commonly recur following excision. T/F?

A

True

28
Q

What mutations are commonly seen in low grade serous carcinoma?

A

BRAF

KRAS

29
Q

Low grade serous carcinomas commonly have p53 mutations. T/F?

A

False - these never have p53 mutations

30
Q

Low grade serous carcinomas respond well to chemotherapy. T/F?

A

False - this is why excision is the mainstay of treatment for these tumours

31
Q

What is the most common type of ovarian carcinoma?

A

High grade serous carcinoma

32
Q

In which group of women does high grade serous carcinoma usually present?

A

Peri-menopausal or post-menopausal

33
Q

High grade serous carcinomas have commonly spread beyond the ovary by the time of presentation. T/F?

A

True

34
Q

Which genes are typically mutated in a high grade serous carcinoma of the ovary?

A

BRCA1 and p53

35
Q

What are psammoma bodies?

A

Concentrically laminated calcified concretions which are common in the papillae of serous tumours in general

36
Q

How are high grade serous carcinomas of the ovary treated?

A

Surgery and chemotherapy

37
Q

The majority of mutinous ovarian tumours are benign. T/F?

A

True

38
Q

Metastases to the ovary form which area of the body can mimic primary ovarian mutinous carcinomas?

A

GI tract

39
Q

Describe the appearance of mutinous ovarian tumours

A

Large, multi nodular
No psammoma bodies
Cysts lined by cells with abundant mutinous cytoplasm

40
Q

The prognosis of mutinous ovarian tumours is slightly better than for serous ovarian tumours. T/F?

A

True

41
Q

Which condition are clear cell carcinomas of the ovaries associated with?

A

Endometriosis

42
Q

What type of chemotherapy are clear cell carcinomas resistant to?

A

Platinum based chemotherapy

43
Q

Describe the appearance of clear cell carcinomas of the ovaries.

A

Usually large and can be solid or cystic
High grade tumours
Many different growth patterns
Don’t always have a clear cytoplasm

44
Q

How can clear cell carcinomas be differentiated from high grade serous carcinomas of the ovaries?

A

Clear cell carcinomas do not have p53 mutations

45
Q

Which gene is commonly mutated in ovarian endometriosis carcinoma?

A

PTEN tumour suppressor gene

46
Q

What type of epithelial ovarian tumour is characterised by neoplastic tubular glands?

A

Ovarian endometrioid carcinoma

47
Q

Immature germ cell tumours are more likely to be benign than mature germ cell tumours. T/F?

A

False - the opposite is true

48
Q

What is the other name for teratomas?

A

Dermoid cysts

49
Q

Other than teratomas, what other germ cell tumours can occur?

A

Dysgerminoma
Embryonal carcinoma
Yolk sac tumour
Choriocarcinoma

50
Q

What is a teratoma?

A

A tumour composed of totipotent germ cells which can differentiate into mature tissue of any of the three germ layers

51
Q

In what age group of women are teratomas most likely to be found?

A

Young women

52
Q

Describe the appearance fo teratomas?

A

Smooth capsule often filled with sebaceous secretion and matted hair
Sometimes foci of bone, cartilage, teeth and other recognisable lines of development
Most are cystic but some can have solid areas

53
Q

Neuroectodermal elements are associated with more aggressive behaviour of a teratoma. T/F?

A

True

Female GU / Breast (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions