Pathologies of integumentary system Flashcards
Region in which tissue has suffered damage through injury or disease
lesion
Due to overstimulated sebaceous glands; small masses of hardened, discolored sebum that was exposed; a.k.a comedo; comedones
Blackheads
Large blister (fluid filled sac or lesion when fluid is trapped under a thick layer of skin)
Bulla
A.k.a contusion or hematoma
Bruise
Elevated circular mound; can be skin color or erythema and contents can be semisolid or partly fluid filled; ex. Acne Sebastian’s cyst
Cyst
Deep cut or tear in skin or skin & flesh
Laceration
Flat skin discoloration; usually no change in skin texture or thickness ex. Freckle, flat mole, some rashes such as with measles
Macule
Elevated, solid lesion
Papule
Elevated or depressed skin area, may be flat topped or rounded ex. Lesions or psoriasis
Plaque
Small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus ex. Whitehead, blackhead
Pustule
Mark left of skin where a wound, burn, or sore has not healed completely & fibrous connective tissue has developed;
Scar
Raised scar caused by excessive protein (collagen) in the skin that built during healing process
Keloid scar
Round sore on skin or mucous membrane with loss of epidermis and portions of dermis (may even be as deep as subcutaneous fat)
Ulcer
Bubble-like sac of fluid when water is trapped under the epidermis ex. Blister, some bug bites
Vesicle
Red, swollen mark left on flesh by a blow or pressure; also seen with hives
Wheal
Pale or white-topped pustule on the skin
Whitehead
Genetic mutation; congenital absence of melanin; white to light pink color
Albinism
Due to pigmentation or dilated capillaries present on the skin at birth; a.k.a birthmarks; ex. Port-wine stain and mole (can develop into a malignant melanoma)
Nevus
Common, noncontagious, autoimmune chronic skin disease; reddened skin covered by dry, silvery scales (called plaques); common on scalp, elbows, knees, back, & buttocks
Psoriasis
Autoimmune disorder of the connective tissue; inflammation & overproduction of collagen; usually appears in 30-50 years old
Scleroderma
Autoimmune (melanocytes slowly destroyed in ever-enlarging patches of skin); acquired condition of leukoderma that affects skin or hair; white, depigmented patches interspersed with normally pigmented skin
Vitiligo
Benign tumor composed of blood or lymphatic vessels; common in newborns & usually disappear during childhood
Angioma
Second leading cause of cancer death in women (1 in 8) mammograms, fine-needle biopsy; lumpectomy, mastectomy, radical mastectomy
Breast cancer
Caused by pressure & friction; cone-shaped areas on or between toes; thickening of stratum corneum & a central core of keratin (which distinguishes it from a callus)
Corns
Most common breast disorder (50% of women); breast cancer is more common with these women
Fibrocystic disease
Benign tumor formed of mature fat cells; a soft, moveable subcutaneous nodule; typically found on trunk, forearms, or neck
Lipoma
Formed by melanocytes; watch for changes, can develop into a malignant melanoma a.k.a. Nevus
Mole
Benign growths that appear in middle-aged and elderly; light brown or black flat areas that can be mistaken for moles or warts
Seborrheic keratosis
Small, soft, flesh-colored or pigmented benign growth; often on axillary or groin region
Skin tags
Subcutaneous tumor of sebaceous glands that contain sebum, keratin & hair follicle cells; small growth on scalp, neck or back; a.k.a. Sebaceous cyst or wen
Steatoma
Least malignant & most common (50%) of the skin cancers; tend to have a whitish border
Basal cell carcinoma
Begins as a pigmented lesion that develops into an ulcerated crater; may be invasive, but rarely metastasizes
Squamous cell carcinoma
Most serious & least common (2%) of the skin cancers that metastasizes quickly ABCDs for identifying possible melanomas - Asymmetry, border irregular, color change, diameter growth
Malignant melanoma
Due to an allergy or hypersensitivity, commonly pollens, cosmetics, or foods oozing, crusting & intense itching; a.k.a. Eczema
Atopic dermatitis
Due to contact with chemicals or other exterior agents that damage or irritate the skin causing redness, blisters, discomfort &/or itchy, flaky skin; small vesicles may appear; ex. Poison ivy, medication, cosmetics, rubber; tx. Topical or oral antihistamine or corticosteroids
Contact dermatitis
Acute or chronic inflammatory condition; dry or moist lesion (usually red, blistered, oozing area that itches painfully); lesions can be scales, vesicles or papules
Dermatitis
Caused by overactive sebaceous glands; oily or shiny condition of nose, forehead or scalp & possibly oily hair; ex. Dandruff a.k.a. Cradle cap in infants & eczema in children/adults
Seborrheic dermatitis
Inflammation caused by staphylococci (bacteria found in milk/ dairy)
Staphylodermatitis
Chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands & hair follicles; acne vulgaris is most common in puberty; can involve whiteheads, blackheads, cysts etc
Acne
Local staphylococcal infections; enters hair follicle; looks like acne but lesions are bigger.
Boils
Single boil
Furuncle
Cluster of boils
Carbuncle
Acute, rapidly spreading; usually found in lower extremities; involves redness, heat, swelling, & pain; refer client to physician
Cellulitis
Most common std/sti; thin, watery discharge and painful urination
Chlamydia
Streptococcal infection; massage contraindicated
Erysipelas & ecthyma
Usually staph aureus bacteria; infection of hair follicle
Folliculitis
Discharge and burning sensation when urinating; if untreated bacteria can enter bloodstream; thick yellow urethral discharge; women may show no symptoms
Gonorrhea
Acute, highly contagious; usually found on face; involves itchy small red spots that develop into vesicles that become filled with pus & burst; develops a thick, yellow crust; common among children; if systemic, it may become life threatening; refer client
Impetigo
Single, painless chancre (lesion that ulcerates, forms a crust & then heals) on penis or female genitalia; sore is hard & ulcerated (with hole in center); sore may go away & appear later as a rash which can cause degeneration of parts of the body
Syphilis
Caused by herpes zoster virus; adults often have serious symptoms
Chicken pox
Caused by herpes zoster virus; must have had chicken pox in the past, virus lies dormant on peripheral nerves & causes inflammation when immune suppressed due to illness or stress or age; vaccine available
Shingles
Type 1: cold sores or fever blisters on face or mouth
Type 2: vesicular lesions (blisters) on thighs, buttocks, penis, scrotum, perineum, vulva, vagina or anus; when blister breaks, they become skin ulcers often enters through the mucous membranes
Herpes simplex
Highly contagious; symptoms begin 10-12 days after contract German measles: a.k.a rubella, very harmful to unborn child, especially early fetus
Measles
Superficial skin infection with firm, flesh-colored doughnut shaped bumps; sunken centers contain a white, curd-like material; incubation can be weeks to months; shaving or scratching may cause the infection to spread
Molluscum contagiosum
Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV); contagious, benign growth of the keratin-producing cells of the epidermis & mucous membranes
Common-raised, rough surface; usually on hands
Plantar- grow inward; painful & hard to remove usually on feet
Venereal- itching, flesh-colored, irregular lesions that are raised and cauliflower-like
Warts
Thrush- when develops in mouth ex. Diaper rash
Candidiasis
Athletes foot
Tinea pedis
Ringworm on head
Tinea capitis
A.k.a. Dermatophytosis
Ringoworm
Jock itch
Tinea crural
Ringworm on no hair part of body
Tinea corporis
Head lice
Pediculosis capitis
Parasitic mite that burrows under epidermis
Scabies
Hair loss or baldness
Alopecia
Usually due to aging or bodily disorders, may be caused by alkalis in soaps; absolute or partial deficiency of sebum resulting dry, scaly skin
Asteatosis
Increased deposits of pigment; ex. Moth patches or liver spots a.k.a. Mask of pregnancy (same hormone causes linea alba to darken)
Chloasma
Darkened linea alba
Linea Niagra
Bed sore
Decubitus ulcer
Superficial, thickened patch of epidermis due to friction on hands & feet a.k.a callus
Keratoma
Freckles; on parts exposed to the sun
Lentigines
Excessive oiliness & chronic inflammation of cheeks & nose; redness due to dilation of blood vessels & formation of papules & pustules; skin becomes course & pores enlarged;
Rosacea
Cause unknown; abnormal brown skin patches, having circular & irregular shape; colors due to blood pigment; occurring during aging, certain diseases or after disappearances of moles, freckles or liver spots
Stains
Allergic or emotional reaction; red, raised lesions or wheals w/ severe itching; appear suddenly & may disappear suddenly; ex. Hives, welt (a large wheal)
Urticaria
Fat build up under the skin; appear yellowish; may indicate a high, unhealthy cholesterol/triglyceride level; often seen around the eyes
Xanthoma
Rough, dry skin; scales or small cracks possible; frequent hand washing, dry environment, swimming, jobs that are rough on hands are common causes ex. Winter itch
Xeroderma
Yellow pigment found in dermis
Carotene
Blue pigment; due to lack of oxygen
Cyanosis
Red pigment
erythema
Yellow pigment of skin
Jaundice
Due to congenital defective pigmentations; abnormal light patches; vitiligo is a type caused by an autoimmune condition
Leukoderma
Yellow to black pigment in epidermis;
Melanin
White pigment of skin
pallor
Chase unknown; common chronic, inflammatory skin disease; lesions are dry patches covered with coarse, silvery scales
Psoriasis
