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M100 history, western techniques, integumentary and endocrine system > Pathologies of integumentary system > Flashcards

Pathologies of integumentary system Flashcards

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1
Q

Region in which tissue has suffered damage through injury or disease

A

lesion

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2
Q

Due to overstimulated sebaceous glands; small masses of hardened, discolored sebum that was exposed; a.k.a comedo; comedones

A

Blackheads

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3
Q

Large blister (fluid filled sac or lesion when fluid is trapped under a thick layer of skin)

A

Bulla

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4
Q

A.k.a contusion or hematoma

A

Bruise

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5
Q

Elevated circular mound; can be skin color or erythema and contents can be semisolid or partly fluid filled; ex. Acne Sebastian’s cyst

A

Cyst

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6
Q

Deep cut or tear in skin or skin & flesh

A

Laceration

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7
Q

Flat skin discoloration; usually no change in skin texture or thickness ex. Freckle, flat mole, some rashes such as with measles

A

Macule

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8
Q

Elevated, solid lesion

A

Papule

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9
Q

Elevated or depressed skin area, may be flat topped or rounded ex. Lesions or psoriasis

A

Plaque

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10
Q

Small blister or pimple on the skin containing pus ex. Whitehead, blackhead

A

Pustule

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11
Q

Mark left of skin where a wound, burn, or sore has not healed completely & fibrous connective tissue has developed;

A

Scar

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12
Q

Raised scar caused by excessive protein (collagen) in the skin that built during healing process

A

Keloid scar

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13
Q

Round sore on skin or mucous membrane with loss of epidermis and portions of dermis (may even be as deep as subcutaneous fat)

A

Ulcer

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14
Q

Bubble-like sac of fluid when water is trapped under the epidermis ex. Blister, some bug bites

A

Vesicle

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15
Q

Red, swollen mark left on flesh by a blow or pressure; also seen with hives

A

Wheal

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16
Q

Pale or white-topped pustule on the skin

A

Whitehead

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17
Q

Genetic mutation; congenital absence of melanin; white to light pink color

A

Albinism

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18
Q

Due to pigmentation or dilated capillaries present on the skin at birth; a.k.a birthmarks; ex. Port-wine stain and mole (can develop into a malignant melanoma)

A

Nevus

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19
Q

Common, noncontagious, autoimmune chronic skin disease; reddened skin covered by dry, silvery scales (called plaques); common on scalp, elbows, knees, back, & buttocks

A

Psoriasis

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20
Q

Autoimmune disorder of the connective tissue; inflammation & overproduction of collagen; usually appears in 30-50 years old

A

Scleroderma

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21
Q

Autoimmune (melanocytes slowly destroyed in ever-enlarging patches of skin); acquired condition of leukoderma that affects skin or hair; white, depigmented patches interspersed with normally pigmented skin

A

Vitiligo

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22
Q

Benign tumor composed of blood or lymphatic vessels; common in newborns & usually disappear during childhood

A

Angioma

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23
Q

Second leading cause of cancer death in women (1 in 8) mammograms, fine-needle biopsy; lumpectomy, mastectomy, radical mastectomy

A

Breast cancer

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24
Q

Caused by pressure & friction; cone-shaped areas on or between toes; thickening of stratum corneum & a central core of keratin (which distinguishes it from a callus)

A

Corns

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25
Q

Most common breast disorder (50% of women); breast cancer is more common with these women

A

Fibrocystic disease

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26
Q

Benign tumor formed of mature fat cells; a soft, moveable subcutaneous nodule; typically found on trunk, forearms, or neck

A

Lipoma

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27
Q

Formed by melanocytes; watch for changes, can develop into a malignant melanoma a.k.a. Nevus

A

Mole

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28
Q

Benign growths that appear in middle-aged and elderly; light brown or black flat areas that can be mistaken for moles or warts

A

Seborrheic keratosis

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29
Q

Small, soft, flesh-colored or pigmented benign growth; often on axillary or groin region

A

Skin tags

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30
Q

Subcutaneous tumor of sebaceous glands that contain sebum, keratin & hair follicle cells; small growth on scalp, neck or back; a.k.a. Sebaceous cyst or wen

A

Steatoma

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31
Q

Least malignant & most common (50%) of the skin cancers; tend to have a whitish border

A

Basal cell carcinoma

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32
Q

Begins as a pigmented lesion that develops into an ulcerated crater; may be invasive, but rarely metastasizes

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

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33
Q

Most serious & least common (2%) of the skin cancers that metastasizes quickly ABCDs for identifying possible melanomas - Asymmetry, border irregular, color change, diameter growth

A

Malignant melanoma

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34
Q

Due to an allergy or hypersensitivity, commonly pollens, cosmetics, or foods oozing, crusting & intense itching; a.k.a. Eczema

A

Atopic dermatitis

35
Q

Due to contact with chemicals or other exterior agents that damage or irritate the skin causing redness, blisters, discomfort &/or itchy, flaky skin; small vesicles may appear; ex. Poison ivy, medication, cosmetics, rubber; tx. Topical or oral antihistamine or corticosteroids

A

Contact dermatitis

36
Q

Acute or chronic inflammatory condition; dry or moist lesion (usually red, blistered, oozing area that itches painfully); lesions can be scales, vesicles or papules

A

Dermatitis

37
Q

Caused by overactive sebaceous glands; oily or shiny condition of nose, forehead or scalp & possibly oily hair; ex. Dandruff a.k.a. Cradle cap in infants & eczema in children/adults

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

38
Q

Inflammation caused by staphylococci (bacteria found in milk/ dairy)

A

Staphylodermatitis

39
Q

Chronic inflammation of the sebaceous glands & hair follicles; acne vulgaris is most common in puberty; can involve whiteheads, blackheads, cysts etc

A

Acne

40
Q

Local staphylococcal infections; enters hair follicle; looks like acne but lesions are bigger.

A

Boils

41
Q

Single boil

A

Furuncle

42
Q

Cluster of boils

A

Carbuncle

43
Q

Acute, rapidly spreading; usually found in lower extremities; involves redness, heat, swelling, & pain; refer client to physician

A

Cellulitis

44
Q

Most common std/sti; thin, watery discharge and painful urination

A

Chlamydia

45
Q

Streptococcal infection; massage contraindicated

A

Erysipelas & ecthyma

46
Q

Usually staph aureus bacteria; infection of hair follicle

A

Folliculitis

47
Q

Discharge and burning sensation when urinating; if untreated bacteria can enter bloodstream; thick yellow urethral discharge; women may show no symptoms

A

Gonorrhea

48
Q

Acute, highly contagious; usually found on face; involves itchy small red spots that develop into vesicles that become filled with pus & burst; develops a thick, yellow crust; common among children; if systemic, it may become life threatening; refer client

A

Impetigo

49
Q

Single, painless chancre (lesion that ulcerates, forms a crust & then heals) on penis or female genitalia; sore is hard & ulcerated (with hole in center); sore may go away & appear later as a rash which can cause degeneration of parts of the body

A

Syphilis

50
Q

Caused by herpes zoster virus; adults often have serious symptoms

A

Chicken pox

51
Q

Caused by herpes zoster virus; must have had chicken pox in the past, virus lies dormant on peripheral nerves & causes inflammation when immune suppressed due to illness or stress or age; vaccine available

A

Shingles

52
Q

Type 1: cold sores or fever blisters on face or mouth
Type 2: vesicular lesions (blisters) on thighs, buttocks, penis, scrotum, perineum, vulva, vagina or anus; when blister breaks, they become skin ulcers often enters through the mucous membranes

A

Herpes simplex

53
Q

Highly contagious; symptoms begin 10-12 days after contract German measles: a.k.a rubella, very harmful to unborn child, especially early fetus

A

Measles

54
Q

Superficial skin infection with firm, flesh-colored doughnut shaped bumps; sunken centers contain a white, curd-like material; incubation can be weeks to months; shaving or scratching may cause the infection to spread

A

Molluscum contagiosum

55
Q

Caused by human papillomavirus (HPV); contagious, benign growth of the keratin-producing cells of the epidermis & mucous membranes
Common-raised, rough surface; usually on hands
Plantar- grow inward; painful & hard to remove usually on feet
Venereal- itching, flesh-colored, irregular lesions that are raised and cauliflower-like

A

Warts

56
Q

Thrush- when develops in mouth ex. Diaper rash

A

Candidiasis

57
Q

Athletes foot

A

Tinea pedis

58
Q

Ringworm on head

A

Tinea capitis

59
Q

A.k.a. Dermatophytosis

A

Ringoworm

60
Q

Jock itch

A

Tinea crural

61
Q

Ringworm on no hair part of body

A

Tinea corporis

62
Q

Head lice

A

Pediculosis capitis

63
Q

Parasitic mite that burrows under epidermis

A

Scabies

64
Q

Hair loss or baldness

A

Alopecia

65
Q

Usually due to aging or bodily disorders, may be caused by alkalis in soaps; absolute or partial deficiency of sebum resulting dry, scaly skin

A

Asteatosis

66
Q

Increased deposits of pigment; ex. Moth patches or liver spots a.k.a. Mask of pregnancy (same hormone causes linea alba to darken)

A

Chloasma

67
Q

Darkened linea alba

A

Linea Niagra

68
Q

Bed sore

A

Decubitus ulcer

69
Q

Superficial, thickened patch of epidermis due to friction on hands & feet a.k.a callus

A

Keratoma

70
Q

Freckles; on parts exposed to the sun

A

Lentigines

71
Q

Excessive oiliness & chronic inflammation of cheeks & nose; redness due to dilation of blood vessels & formation of papules & pustules; skin becomes course & pores enlarged;

A

Rosacea

72
Q

Cause unknown; abnormal brown skin patches, having circular & irregular shape; colors due to blood pigment; occurring during aging, certain diseases or after disappearances of moles, freckles or liver spots

A

Stains

73
Q

Allergic or emotional reaction; red, raised lesions or wheals w/ severe itching; appear suddenly & may disappear suddenly; ex. Hives, welt (a large wheal)

A

Urticaria

74
Q

Fat build up under the skin; appear yellowish; may indicate a high, unhealthy cholesterol/triglyceride level; often seen around the eyes

A

Xanthoma

75
Q

Rough, dry skin; scales or small cracks possible; frequent hand washing, dry environment, swimming, jobs that are rough on hands are common causes ex. Winter itch

A

Xeroderma

76
Q

Yellow pigment found in dermis

A

Carotene

77
Q

Blue pigment; due to lack of oxygen

A

Cyanosis

78
Q

Red pigment

A

erythema

79
Q

Yellow pigment of skin

A

Jaundice

80
Q

Due to congenital defective pigmentations; abnormal light patches; vitiligo is a type caused by an autoimmune condition

A

Leukoderma

81
Q

Yellow to black pigment in epidermis;

A

Melanin

82
Q

White pigment of skin

A

pallor

83
Q

Chase unknown; common chronic, inflammatory skin disease; lesions are dry patches covered with coarse, silvery scales

A

Psoriasis

M100 history, western techniques, integumentary and endocrine system (3 decks)

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