Integumentary System Qs Flashcards
What structures does the integumentary system include?
Skin & appendages
State the appendages of the skin
Hair, nails sebaceous glands, sweat glands, skin color and mammary glands
What does the word integument mean?
Covering
What is the principle organ of the integumentary system?
Skin
What are the sheet-like structures of the IS called?
Membranes
What cover & protect the body surface, line body cavities & cover the inner surfaces of hollow organs?
Membranes
What anchor organs to each other?
Membranes
What anchors organ to bone?
Membranes
What covers internal organs?
Membranes
What secrete lubricating fluids that reduce friction during organ movements?
Membranes
What secrete lubricating fluids that decrease friction between bones & joints?
Membranes
State the two major types of membranes
Epithelial & connective
State the three types of epithelial membranes
Mucous, serous, and cutaneous
What is the primary organ of the integumentary system?
Cutaneous membrane
What type of membrane is also known as the skin?
Cutaneous membrane
State the largest organ of the body
Cutaneous membrane
Which membrane has a superficial layer of epithelial cells & underlying area of supportive connective tissue?
Cutaneous membrane
Which epithelial membrane is composed of two layers of tissue known as parental & visceral?
Serous membrane
The ____ sheet of serous membrane is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium
Epithelial
The ____ sheet of serous membrane is a thin layer of simple squamous epithelium
Epithelial
The ___ tissue layer of serous membrane forms a very thin, glue-like basement membrane that holds & supports the epithelial cells
Connective
The serous membrane that lines the walls of body cavities
Parental
The serous membrane that covers the surface organs found in the body cavities
Visceral
The thoracic cavity serous membranes
Pleura
The abdominal cavity serous membranes
Peritoneum
___ membranes secrete a thin, watery fluid that helps reduce friction & serves as a lubricant when organs rub together & against cavity walls
Serous
Epithelial membranes that line body surfaces opening directly to the exterior of the body
Mucous membranes
These membranes line the respiratory, digestive, urinary & reproductive tracts
Mucous membranes
The thick, slimy material secreted by epithelial cells of most mucous membranes
Mucus
This keeps mucous membranes moist & soft
Mucus
A point of fusion where the skin & mucous membranes meet
Mucocutaneous junction
___ membranes do not contain epithelial tissue
Connective tissue
Connective tissue membranes that line the spaces between bones & joints
Synovial membranes
These membranes are smooth & slick. They secrete a thick, colorless lubricating fluid called synovial fluid
Synovial membranes
These membranes line the small, cushion-like sacs (a.k.a. Bursae) found between moving body parts
Synovial membranes
A.k.a. Oil glands
Sebaceous glands
The outermost layer of the skin
Epidermis
The layer of skin with stratified squamous epithelium
Epidermis
The deeper layer of skin
Dermis
The layer of skin made up of mostly connective tissue
Dermis
The supports the layers of skin & is a thick layer of loose connective tissue & fat
Subcutaneous
A.k.a. Hypodermis
Subcutaneous
This insulates the body from extremes of heat & cold
Fat inside subcutaneous
This structure of skin serves as a stored source of energy & can be used as a food source
Adipose tissue
This structure of skin acts as a shock-absorbing pad & helps protect underlying tissues from injury
Adipose tissue in subcutaneous
The structure of skin that contains tightly packed epithelial cells arranged in many different layers
Epidermis
The innermost layer of the epidermis
Stratum basale
The cells of the innermost layer of the epidermis reproduce themselves via _ .
Mitosis
As cells from the stratum germinativum move towards the surface of the skin, the cells’ cytoplasm is replaced with __.
Keratin
A protein substance that is tough & waterproof
Keratin
This substance provides cells on the outer layer of the skin with a horny, abrasion-resistant, protective quality
Keratin
The tough outer layer of the epidermis
Stratum corneum
Gives skin its color
Melanin
Which layer of skin is pigment found?
Epidermal basal
A type of pigment that gives skin its brown color
Melanin
Cells that produce brown pigment
Melanocytes
The primary function of __ is protection from UV radiation from sunlight
Melanin
The condition when the skin turns bluish gray due to lack of oxygen from low blood flow
Cyanosis
What do we call the area where the epidermal & the dermal layers meet?
Dermal-epidermal junction
The thicker layer of skin
Dermis
The layer of skin composed mostly of connective tissue
Dermis
The layer of skin that has its cells scattered apart
Dermis
The tough & strong fibers found between cells of the dermis
Collagen
The stretchable fibers found between cells of the dermis
Elastin
The parallel rows of tiny bumps found in the upper region of the dermis
Dermal papilllae
These structures bind the skin layers together
Dermal papillae
These form ridges & grooves that make up your fingerprints & footprints
Dermal papillae
What happens to collagen and elastin fibers with age?
Decrease
What happens to skin with age?
Sagging
Less pliant
Less soft
The specialized network of nerves &
Nerve endings are found in which layer of skin?
Dermis
What do the nerves & nerve endings of the skin sense?
Temp,pain, pressure
These are found at various levels of the dermis
Nerves
Arrector pili
Hair follicles
Blood vessels
Extremely fine & soft hair of a newborn
Lanugo
What areas of the skin are truly hairless?
Mouth
Palms
Lips
Soles of feet
Parts of genitalia
What causes pubic hair growth?
Hormones
The tube where the hair grows
Follicle
Small, cap-shaped cluster of cells where hair begins to grow
Hair papilla
The part of the hair that is hidden in the hair follicle
Root
The visible part of the hair
Hair shaft
True or false: cutting & shaving hair makes it grow faster
False
Tiny, smooth involuntary muscles that cause goose bumps
Arrector pili
What makes hair grow straight?
Arrector pili
These make it possible for the skin to serve as sense organs
Receptors
Deep to the dermis, they detect pressure
Pacifism corpuscle
Close to the skin surface, they detect light touch
Meissner’s corpuscle
These detect pain & temperature
Free nerve endings
These detect low-frequency vibration
Nails
Nails are hard due to what substance?
Keratin
The visible part of the nail
Nail body
The part of the nail that lies in the groove, hidden by a fold of skin
Nail root
The fold of skin that hides a part of the nail
Cuticle
The crescent-shaped white area of the nail
Lanula
A layer of the epithelium that lies under the nail
nail bed
A.k.a. Sweat glands
Sudoriferous
A.k.a. Oil glands
Sebaceous
The most numerous skin glands
Sudoriferous
Two types of sweat glands
Eccrine, apocrine
The most numerous of the sweat glands
Eccrine
The waste products eliminated by sweat
Ammonia & Uric acid
Glands that aid the body in maintaining a constant temperature
Sweat glands
Outlets of small ducts from eccrine sweat glands
Pores
These sweat glands are found under the armpits & around the genitals
Apocrine
Body odor is caused by body secretions being contaminated & decomposed by ___
Bacteria
These glands have tiny ducts that open into hair follicles
Sebaceous
Secretions from sebaceous glands that lubricate the hair & skin
Sebum
The substance that makes up pimples & blackheads
Sebum
Increased wrinkling & cracking of skin in late adulthood is due in large part to decreased ___ production.
Sebum
Four functions of the skin
Protect
Hear balance
Sensation
Vitamin D production
What does the skin protect against?
UV
bacteria
Chemicals
Fluid loss
Treatment & recovery from burns depends on what two things?
Area & depth
What is burn severity determined by?
Degree
The most frequently used method of determining the extent of a burn injury?
Rule of nine
A type of burn with minor discomfort & reddening of the skin
1st degree
There are no blisters with this type of burn
1st degree
A type of burn involving deep epidermal layer & upper dermal layers
2nd degree
A type of burn with damage to sweat glands, hair follicles, & sebaceous glands but dermis is not completely destroyed
2nd degree
A type of burn with blisters, severe pain, swelling, fluid loss & often scarring
2nd degree
A type of burn with complete destruction of the dermis & epidermis
3rd degree
A type of burn that often involves muscle
3rd degree to 4th
Fungus
Tinea
Odor producing sweat glands
Apocrine
Vitamin d deficiency
Rickets
Inflammation of the dermis
Dermatitis
A.k.a. Bed sores
Decubitus ulcer
Skin cancer that often affects those with AIDS
Kaposi Sarcoma
Malignant neoplasm that involves melanin-producing cells
Melanoma
A.k.a. Ringworms
Tinea corporis
A.k.a. Athlete’s foot
Tinea pedis
Given with a hypodermic needle
Subcutaneous injection
Glands that produce ear wax
Ceruminous
Inflammation of the serous membranes of the abdominal cavity
Peritonitis
Inflammation of the serous membranes of the chest cavity
Pleurisy
What part of the nail hangs over the finger?
Free edge
What areas of the body has the thickest skin?
Palms & soles
What type of muscle are Arrector Pili?
A. Cardiac
B. Skeletal
C. Smooth
D. They are not muscles
Smooth
