Pathologies

Question 1

Quadriplegia C1-C3 Movements

Answer 1

Neck control

Question 2

Quadriplegia C1-C3 Orthosis

Answer 2

Positional WHO’s

Question 3

Quadriplegia C4 Movements

Answer 3

Shoulder Shrug

Question 4

Quadriplegia C4 Orthosis

Answer 4

Mobile arm support
Powered tenodesis WHO
Static WHO

Question 5

Quadriplegia C5 Movements

Answer 5

Shoulder control
Elbow Flexion
Supination

Question 6

Quadriplegia C5 Orthosis

Answer 6

Mobile arm support (initially)
Ratchet WHO
Powered tenodesisWHO

Question 7

Quadriplegia C6 Movements

Answer 7

Wrist Extension

Pronation

Question 8

Quadriplegia C6 Orthosis

Answer 8

Wrist driven

Short Oppens

Question 9

Quadriplegia C7 Movements

Answer 9

Elbow Extension
Finger flexion and extension
Wrist flexion

Question 10

Quadriplegia C7 Orthosis

Answer 10

Wrist Driven

Static WHO

Question 11

Quadriplegia C8-T1 Movements

Answer 11

MP flexion
Finger Ab/adduction
Thumb Movements

Question 12

Quadriplegia C8-T1 Orthosis

Answer 12

Short Oppens

Question 13

What is a Collies fx?

Answer 13

Distal Radius fx, Occurs when the broken fragment of the radius tilts upward (dorsally)

Question 14

What is a Smith’s fx?

Answer 14

Reverse Collies Fx, Occurs when the broken fragment of the radius tilts downward

Question 15

Hutchinson Fx

Answer 15

Fracture of the radial styloidprocess, also called Chauffer Fx

Question 16

Barton’s Fx

Answer 16

Dislocation of the radio carpal joint

Question 17

Scaphoid Fx

Answer 17

The first significant sign of a scaphoid fracture is the complaint of pain and discomfort at the anatomical snuffbox

Question 18

OA

Answer 18

Symptom: Joint tenderness, Crepitus Pain

OA of the hand most commonly affects the DIP, PIP and CMC joints

Question 19

RA Presentation

Answer 19

Ulnar Deviation, Swan Neck Deformity at the Fingers

Question 20

Axillary Nerve injury

Answer 20

Loss of active shoulder abduction and flexion
Sensory loss on lateral side of proximal arm
Ox Treatment: MAS

Question 21

Musculocutaneous Nerve Lesion

Answer 21

patient loses all useful elbow flexor strength

Ox Treatment: Elbow control

Question 22

Radial Nerve Lesion -Below the Elbow

Answer 22

The finger and thumb extensors and long thumb abductor loses motor function
MCP’s, fingers and thumb will begin to contract

Question 23

Radial Nerve Lesion –Mid-humerus

Answer 23

Wrist extensor paralysis is added to the absence of finger and wrist-extensor control
Greatly effects grasp & pinch coordination

Question 24

Radial Nerve Lesion- Below the Elbow - Ox treatment

Answer 24

HO or WHO with IP extension assist (MP extension stop if patient becomes hypermobile at MP joint)

Question 25

Radial Nerve Lesion- Mid-humerus- Ox Treatment

Answer 25

static control at the wrist to counteract the effects of gravity and pull of the finger flexors as they contract

Question 26

Radial Nerve Lesion –Axillary Level

Answer 26

wrist and hand extensors, when the lesion occurs at the axillary level, the triceps motor function becomes affected

“Saturday Night Palasy”

Question 27

Ulnar Nerve Lesion -Wrist

Answer 27

Loss of intinsic muscle action of all fingers
Results in “Claw Hand”

Sensory loss on palmar and dorsal aspect of 5thdigit and ½ of 4th digit

Question 28

Volkmann’s Ischemic Contracture

Answer 28

Occurs when there is a lack of blood flow (ischemia) to the forearm

Question 29

Ulnar Nerve Injury –Elbow and Above

Answer 29

flexor digitorumprofundusmuscle (of the 4thand 5thfingers) loses motor function, in addition to the intrinsic hand muscles
Ox Treatment: Hand orthosis with MP extension stop

Question 30

Median Nerve Injury -Wrist

Answer 30

"Ape Hand"
Patient will have sensory loss on the palmar and dorsal aspects of the:
•Palmar aspect of the thumb
•Index
•Middle
•½ of ring finger

Question 31

Median Nerve Injury –Elbow and Above

Answer 31

“Ape Hand” or “Hand of Benediction”
Sensory loss on palmar and dorsal aspects of:
•Digits 2,3 and ½ of 4
•Palmar aspect of the thumb

Question 32

Neuroma

Answer 32

scar tissue that grows around and decreases the signal strength sent to the muscles

Question 33

Rupture

Answer 33

Where the nerve is torn, but not at the spinal attachment

Question 34

Avulsion

Answer 34

Occurs when the nerve root is torn at the location where it exits the vertebral foramen

Question 35

Neuropraxia

Answer 35

Occurs when the nerve is damaged(stretched) but not torn

Question 36

Erb’s Palsy

Answer 36

Occurs at C5, C6
Adducted and internally rotated shoulder
extended elbow
pronated wrist (“waiter’s tip” presentation)

Question 37

Klumpke’s Palsy

Answer 37

Occurs: C7,C8,T1
Caused by a sudden shoulder abduction motion
Loss of ulnar nerve sensory areas- “Claw Hand”

Question 38

Mallet Finger

Answer 38

Inability to extend the DIP joint

Also called “Baseball Finger”

Question 39

Boutonnière Deformity

Answer 39

Flexion of PIP joint and extension of the DIP joint

Question 40

Swan Neck Deformity

Answer 40

Hyperextension of PIP joint and flexion of the DIP joint

Question 41

Dupuytren’s Contracture

Answer 41

Painful nodules on the tendon(s) that begin to tighten
Presents with the MCP, PIP and often DIP in flexion
Most commonly found on the 4th and 5th

Question 42

Trigger Finger

Answer 42

Painful, swollen nodule prevents the tendon from gliding through the tendon sheath

This results in a quick and abrupt extension moment once the nodule passes

Question 43

Boxers Fx

Answer 43

5th Metacarpal Fx

Question 44

TBI: Open Head Injury

Answer 44

Involved acceleration/deceleration with penetration

Question 45

TBI: Closed Head Injury

Answer 45

Often caused by rapid acceleration/deceleration without apparent visible damage