Pathologies

Question 1

Prions cause what type of diseases?

Answer 1

spongiform encephalopathy
Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease
Mad cow disease

Question 2

What is the relationship of ALT and AST in viral vs. alcoholic hepatitis?

Answer 2

viral: ALT > AST
alcoholic: ALT

Question 3

where is the most common place to have a paradoxical emboli?

Answer 3

brain due to prior CHD

Question 4

What bacteria causes acute bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 4

S. aureus

Question 5

What bacteria causes subacute bacterial endocarditis?

Answer 5

Viridans strep (alpha-hemolytic)

Question 6

If a patient has a tricuspid valve vegetation what cause should you suspect?

Answer 6

intravenous drug use

Question 7

what bacteria is associated with prosthetic hart valves?

Answer 7

staph epidermidis

Question 8

What bacteria can cause pathologies by entering the bloodstream during dental procedures?

Answer 8

Strep. mutans

Strep. mitis

Question 9

What bacteria causes hypovolemic shock via rice water diarrhea?

Answer 9

vibrio cholera

Question 10

What is the only G+ to have an endotoxin?

Answer 10

listera

Question 11

Most common location for atherosclerotic induced aneurysm?

Answer 11

abdominal aorta

Question 12

What are the collagen vascular diseases?

Answer 12

RA
SLE
Polyarteritis nodosa
Dermatomyositis
Scleroderma

Question 13

What’s the S/S of pseudo gut?

Answer 13

Calciumpyrophosphate deposits in joints

Question 14

Serum marker of inc osteoclast activity

Answer 14

hydroxyproline

Question 15

Serum marker of inc osteoblast activity

Answer 15

Alkaline phosphatase

Question 16

What neoplasms are EBV associated with?

Answer 16

Burkitt’s lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal carcinoma
B-cell lymphoma
Hairy leukoplakia

Question 17

4 Conditions associated with Teratlogy of Fallot (children)

Answer 17

Dextroposed (overridden aorta)
Pulmonic stenosis
VSD
RV hypertrophy

Question 18

S/S of Edward syndrome (trisomy 18)

Answer 18

Micrognathia

Rock bottom feet

Question 19

S/S of Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

Answer 19

microcephaly

cleft

Question 20

S/S of Turner syndrome

Answer 20

Primary amenorrhea
Webbed neck
Short
Coarctation of aorta

Question 21

Hyperthyroidism can cause what diseases

Answer 21

Plummer disease

Graves disease

Question 22

Hypothyroidism can cause what diseases

Answer 22

Myxedema (adults)
Cretinism (children)
Hashimoto’s Disease

Question 23

S/S of hypothyroidism i children

Answer 23

underdeveloped mandible, delayed eruption, retinaed decidduous teeth

Question 24

hyperparathyroidism can cause what disease and S/S?

Answer 24

von Recklinghausen disease (osteitis fibrosa cystica)
S/S: osteolytic lesions, dec. serum phosphorus
inc. serum Ca and alkaline phosphatase

Question 25

Reed-Sternberg cells are associated with what neoplasm?

Answer 25

Hodgkins

Question 26

Philadelphia chromosome is associated with what neoplasm?

Answer 26

Myelogenous leukemia

Question 27

Bence-Jones protein in urine is a sign of what neoplasm

Answer 27

Multiple myeloma

Question 28

S/S of multiple myeloma

Answer 28

Inc plasma cells: dec RBC, platelets, WBC
Osteolyitc lesions and bone pain
hypercalcemia
Amyloidosis

Question 29

What are the histiocytosis X pathologies?

Answer 29

Eosinophilic granuloma
Letterer-Side disease
Hand-Schuller-Christina disease

Question 30

Most common cancer

Answer 30

basal cell carcinoma

Question 31

Vit B1 (thiamine) deficiency

Answer 31

Beriberi: dry skin, progressive paralysis

linked to alcoholism

Question 32

Vit B2 (riboflavin) deficiency

Answer 32

angular chelitis
dermatitis
glossitis

Question 33

Vit B3 (Niacin) deficiency

Answer 33

Pellagra: diarrhea, dermatitis, dementia

Question 34

Folate deficiency

Answer 34

megaloblastic anemia, glossitis, diarrhea, homocystinemia

causes: alcoholism, pregnancy