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Vestibular and Balance Disorders > Pathologies > Flashcards

Pathologies Flashcards

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Preparativo Vestibular e ENEM flashcards
1
Q

Three of the most common vestibular pathologies

A

BPPV, Labrynthitis/Neuritis, Meniere’s Disease

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2
Q

Repetitive involuntary eye movements that may be torsional, horizontal, or vertical

A

Nystagmus

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3
Q

A pathology characterized by sudden vertigo provoked by certain head movements

A

Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo (BPPV)`

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4
Q

BBPV occurs when

A

Some of the otoconia is displaced from the saccule or utricle and enters the SCC

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5
Q

BPPV affects hearing thresholds in what way

A

Hearing is WNL or unchanged from prior thresholds

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6
Q

BPPV that manifests in the horizontal canal can be diagnosed with the following test(s)

A

Dix Hallpike Maneuver, Roll Test, Bow and Lean Test, Case History

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7
Q

BPPV that manifests in the anterior canal can be diagnosed with the following test(s)

A

Straight Head Hang, Deep Head Hang

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8
Q

Otoconia which settles in the semicircular canals

A

Canalithiasis

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9
Q

Otoconia which adheres to the cupula

A

Cupulothiasis

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10
Q

When a BPPV patient experiences canalithiasis, their nystagmus is

A

Geotropic (beating towards the earth), with the problem ear down

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11
Q

When otoconia is loose in the posterior SCC, nystagmus is

A

Torsional and up-beating

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12
Q

When otoconia is loose in the lateral/horizontal SCC, nystagmus is

A

Horizontal

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13
Q

When otoconia is loose in the superior SCC, nystagmus is

A

Torsional and down-beating

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14
Q

Labrynthitis is caused by

A

An infection of the inner ear, nerves and bony labyrinth that affects both branches of CN VIII

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15
Q

Labyrinthitis is typified by symptoms such as

A

Unilateral SNHL
Varying to poor speech discrimination scores
Sudden hearing loss
Sudden onset tinnitus
Sudden onset vertigo

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15
Q

Neuritis is caused by

A

An infection of the inner ear, nerves and bony labyrinth that affects the vestibular portion of CN VIII

16
Q

Neuritis is typified by symptoms such as

A

Hearing WNL (or unchanged from previous hearing)
Sudden onset dizziness/vertigo
Tinnitus
Aural Fullness

17
Q

Describe Meniere’s Disease

A

Primary Idiopathic Endolymphatic Hydrops; an abnormal fluctuation of endolymphatic fluid, which causes an increase in pressure

18
Q

Meniere’s Disease is typified by symptoms such as

A

Aural Fullness
Tinnitus
Fluctuating Hearing Loss
Episodic Vertigo

19
Q

Episodes of Meniere’s Disease occur when

A

An increase of pressure in the endolymphatic duct
Can lead to a leak in the membrane in the membrane the separates endolymph and perilymph

20
Q

When endolymph (high in __ ) and perilymph (high in __ ), a sudden change in ______ along the vestibular nerve can lead to vertigo

A

Potassium, Sodium, firing rate

21
Q

Describe Vestibular Migraines

A

Diagnosed migraines accompanied by at least 5 episodes of vestibular symptoms (dizziness, imbalance, vertigo) lasting between 5 minutes and 72 hours

22
Q

Vestibular Migraines are typified by symptoms such as

A

Hearing WNL or no change in hearing acuity
Moderate to severe head pain (throbbing or pulsing)
Dizziness
Sensitivity to light or sound
Nausea/vomiting

23
Q

Describe acoustic neuromas

A

Benign slow growing tumor on the vestibular portion of CN VIII
Caused by an overproduction of Schwann cells (vestibular schwanomma)

24
Q

Acoustic neuromas are typified by symptoms such as

A

Asymmetries on the audiogram
Positive contralateral acoustic relfex decay
Absent relfexes despite normal hearing
Asymmetrical WRS
Dizziness
Unilateral tinnitus
Unilateral aural fullness

25
Q

Describe a semicircular canal dehissance

A

Hole in the bone covering the superior semicircular canal, creating a third window
Endolymph moves in relation to sound or pressure changes, triggering a vestibular response

26
Q

SCD’s are typified by symptoms such as

A

Low frequency conductive hearing loss
Type A tymps
Dizziness
Tullio’s phenomenon
Oscillopsia
Autophony

27
Q

Tullio’s phenomenon

A

Dizziness induced by sounds

28
Q

Oscillopsia

A

Visual disturbance where still objects appear as if they moving back and forth/up and down

29
Q

Autophony

A

Hearing your own voice or breathing in your ear

30
Q

Describe an Enlarged Vestibular Aqueduct

A

Inner ear malformation resulting in SNHL
Congenital, typically caught in childhood
Sometimes triggered by head trauma

31
Q

EVA is typified by symptoms such as

A

Hearing loss (conductive, SNHL, or mixed)
Dizziness (vertigo or imbalance)

32
Q

Describe Mal de Barquement

A

“Sickness of deembarkment”
Imbalance caused by exposure to unfamiliar movement followed by an inability to calibrate once movement is normal
Sensation of still being on a boat after a cruise for example

Vestibular and Balance Disorders (4 decks)

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