Pathological OB Flashcards
SAD habits of pregnancy
smoking, alcohol, drugs
women who smoke during pregnancy
have what
SGA or small for gestational age or low birth weight
The use of __ cigarettes/day doubles the risk of
developing low-birth weight infant.
5
ingestion by pregnant woman is likely to cause
fetal abnormalities.
alcohol
Alcohol is the leading known
_____ in the western world.
teratogen which is any substance, agent, or environmental factor that can cause birth defects and fetal abnormalities
Effects of chronic alcoholism
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome
Heavy use of alcohol ___ has
___ risk of producing FAS characterized by _____
2 or more drinks a day, 10%, retardation and mental delays
Average IQ of ppl with FAS
60-65
neurological condition where a baby’s head is smaller than normal for their age and sex. This occurs because the brain does not develop properly in the womb or stops growing after birth
microcephaly
Since modern science
has not determined what
level of alcohol is safe for
pregnant women, it is
best for pregnant women
to abstain from alcohol
ingestion, including the
so-called ________-
as this can cause
problems that persist in to
the child’s teenage years
and beyond
social drinking
reduce intake
of coffee, tea, colas
and cocoa to ___ of
caffeine per day or no
more than ____ servings
per day
300mg or 2-3 servings
should only be
taken by pregnant women
when prescribed by their
physicians
drugs
Intake of illicit drugs in
the first trimester can
cause the most
adverse fetal malformation
results to neonatal
abstinence syndrome
giving rise to a group of
signs that include:
* Sneezing & irritability
* Vomiting & diarrhea
* seizures
heroine
being natural are
not always safe because
of lack of consistent
potency in the active
ingredient and must
be approved and
supervised by health
care provider
herbs
Is one in which a concurrent disorder, pregnancy
related complications or external factor
jeopardize the health of the woman, the fetus or
both
high risk pregnancy
high risk prenatal categories
minimal, moderate, extensive
an inflammatory condition that
affects the connective tissue in which the
heart valves are damage by
Streptococcal bacteria
rheumatic heart disease
common laboratory tests
1.CBC
2. hemoglobin count
3. urinalysis
4. urine test for protein
5. RBS
6. blood typing
RHD functional capacity class 1
Asymptomatic. No limitation of physical activity.
RHD functional capacity class 2
Slight limitation of physical activity. Asymptomatic at rest;
symptoms occur with ordinary physical activity.
RHD functional capacity class 3
Marked limitation of physical activity. Comfortable at rest
but symptomatic during less-than-ordinary physical activity.
RHD functional capacity class 4
Inability to carry on physical activity without discomfort.
symptoms of RHD
- cough
- dyspnea
- edema
- heart murmurs
- palpitations
- rales
- weight gain
- fatigue
drug therapy of RHD
- antibiotic (Penicillin)
- anticoagulant (Heparin)
- thiazide diuretics &
furosemide
- digitalis glycoside &
antiarrythmic drugs
labor and birth for complications
cesarean section delivery
low forceps delivery
METABOLIC DISORDER
DURING PREGNANCY
CHARACTERIZED BY
DEFICIENCY IN INSULIN
PRODUCTION RESULTING IN
PROTEIN, FATS AND CHO
METABOLISM
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
classic signs of GDM
- Polyuria
- Polydipsia
- Polyphagia
- Weight loss
GDM diagnostic tests
A. GTT (GLUCOSE TOLERANCE TEST
1. FBS – GREATER THAN 95 MG/DL
2. 1 HR. – GREATER THAN 180 MG/DL
3. 2 HRS – GREATER THAN 155 MG/DL
4. 3 HRS – GREATER THAN 140 MG/DL
B. 2 – HR POST PRANDIAL BLD. SUGAR
1. GREATER THAN 120 MG/DL
Therapeutic Management of GDM
- Insulin
- Blood glucose monitoring
- Tests for placental function and fetal well- being
- Timing for birth
Refers to the continued use
of substances (drugs &
alcohols) despite related
problems in physical, social
or interpersonal areas.
substance abuse
malnutrition, bone marrow
suppression, increased incidence of
infection, liver disease; fetal alcohol
syndrome
alcohol
women have increased
incidence of spontaneous abortion,
abruptio placenta, preterm birth, &
stillbirth; fetus – increased risk of
intrauterine growth restriction, small head
circumference, cerebral infarctions,
shorter body length, altered brain
development, malformations of the GUT,
and low APGAR scores
cocaine
increased risk
of intrauterine growth
restriction and sudden infant
death syndrome
marijuana
overdose or psychotic response
Phencyclidine (PCP)
long-term impaired
memory and learning in the child
MDMA (methylene
dioxymethamphetamine)/
Ecstasy
–mother:
poor nutrition, iron
deficiency anemia,
preeclampsia; fetus:
increased risk for IUGR,
meconium aspiration,
and hypoxia
heroin
preeclampsia, placental
problems, abnormal
fetal presentation
methadone
drugs commonly abused during pregnancy
alcohol, cocaine, marijuana, phencyclidine, methylene dioxymethamphetamine/ecstacy, heroin, methadone
a blood disorder that occurs
when a mother’s and baby’s blood types are incompatible
erythroblastosis fetalis or hemolytic disease of the newborn (HDN)
a life-threatening condition that occurs
when too much fluid builds up in a fetus or newborn.
hydrops fetalis
Rh negative woman carries an
Rh positive fetus and can also occur if an Rh negative non pregnant
woman receives an Rh
positive blood transfusion
RH sensitization/Alloimmunization
Screening for Rh incompatibility and alloimunization
- Prenatal visit
- Indirect Coombs’ test & Direct Coombs’ test
Antepartal Management
- Rh immune globulin (RhoGAM)
- Doppler
- Ultrasound
Postpartal Management
- RhoGAM
indirect coombs
mother
direct coombs
baby
hemoglobin less than 10g/dl
anemia
insufficient hemoglobin production
related to nutritional deficiency
- Iron Deficiency
Anemia - Folic Acid Deficiency
Anemia
hemoglobin destruction in an
inherited disorder
sickle cell anemia
