Pathological gaits Flashcards

1
Q

Antalgic gait

What is it?

What aid do patients normally use in this gait?

Which hand will the aid be used at and why?

A
  • patient walk in a manner tha reduces pain
  • walking stick
  • hand opposite the painful limb - patient lean towards the walking stick > centre of gravity shift away from painful limb > reduce load during stance phase
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2
Q

Trendelenburg gait

What nerve is affected?

What causes it?

What is it?

A
  • superior gluteal nerve
  • weakness of gluteal med. and min. > x abduct hip > positive trendelenburg sign
  • pelvis drops on unaffected side, patient compensate by swinging torso over affected side
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3
Q

Hemiplegic gait

What is it?

What causes it?

What is the patient’s presentation?

How does the patient walk?

A
  • paralysis of one side of body
  • stroke, cerebral palsy, trauma to CNS
  • flexed upper limb and extended lower limb
  • lean towards unaffected side of body then sircumduct the paralysed leg
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4
Q

Diplegic gait

What is it?

Where does the spasticity occur and explain what happend?

A
  • spasticity affects both lower limb
  • Hip adductors : leg cross midline (scissoring)

Hamstring : knee flexed

gastorcnemius and soleus : plantar flexion

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5
Q

High-steppage gait

What is it?

What causes it?

Describe the gait

What is eversion flick?

A
  • Weakness of ankle dorsiflexion resulting in foot drop
  • common fibular nerve palsy, sciatica, charcot-marie-tooth disease
  • foot at platarfelxion during swing phase due to absence of dorsiflexion and active gravity > patient must flex hip more than usual to lift foot higher and prevent toes from dragging on floor
  • everting foot in sudden motion to compensate for lack of dorsiflexion if superficial fibular nerve still intact
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6
Q

parkinsonian gait

Describe motion

A
  • flex their neck and trunk forward to move centre of gravity infront of lower limb
  • take short steps - shuffling gait
  • loss of arm swing whilst walking
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7
Q

Ataxic gait

What are the causes?

What causes cerebellum dysfunction?

Describe motion

A
  • proprioceptive, cerebellar disease, vestibular
  • inherited, stroke, alcohol intoxication
  • clumsy, staggering movements with broad-base. Arms held outwards for balance. Patients body sway side to side - titubation. Patient X walk straight line
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