Pathological gaits Flashcards
1
Q
Antalgic gait
What is it?
What aid do patients normally use in this gait?
Which hand will the aid be used at and why?
A
- patient walk in a manner tha reduces pain
- walking stick
- hand opposite the painful limb - patient lean towards the walking stick > centre of gravity shift away from painful limb > reduce load during stance phase
2
Q
Trendelenburg gait
What nerve is affected?
What causes it?
What is it?
A
- superior gluteal nerve
- weakness of gluteal med. and min. > x abduct hip > positive trendelenburg sign
- pelvis drops on unaffected side, patient compensate by swinging torso over affected side
3
Q
Hemiplegic gait
What is it?
What causes it?
What is the patient’s presentation?
How does the patient walk?
A
- paralysis of one side of body
- stroke, cerebral palsy, trauma to CNS
- flexed upper limb and extended lower limb
- lean towards unaffected side of body then sircumduct the paralysed leg
4
Q
Diplegic gait
What is it?
Where does the spasticity occur and explain what happend?
A
- spasticity affects both lower limb
- Hip adductors : leg cross midline (scissoring)
Hamstring : knee flexed
gastorcnemius and soleus : plantar flexion
5
Q
High-steppage gait
What is it?
What causes it?
Describe the gait
What is eversion flick?
A
- Weakness of ankle dorsiflexion resulting in foot drop
- common fibular nerve palsy, sciatica, charcot-marie-tooth disease
- foot at platarfelxion during swing phase due to absence of dorsiflexion and active gravity > patient must flex hip more than usual to lift foot higher and prevent toes from dragging on floor
- everting foot in sudden motion to compensate for lack of dorsiflexion if superficial fibular nerve still intact
6
Q
parkinsonian gait
Describe motion
A
- flex their neck and trunk forward to move centre of gravity infront of lower limb
- take short steps - shuffling gait
- loss of arm swing whilst walking
7
Q
Ataxic gait
What are the causes?
What causes cerebellum dysfunction?
Describe motion
A
- proprioceptive, cerebellar disease, vestibular
- inherited, stroke, alcohol intoxication
- clumsy, staggering movements with broad-base. Arms held outwards for balance. Patients body sway side to side - titubation. Patient X walk straight line
