Hip Flashcards
Pulled hamstring
What is it?
What causes it?
What are the complications?
- sudden muscular exertion resulting in stretching of posterior thighh muscle
- jumping, sprinting
- muscle sprain, partial/complete tear of origin, avulsion of fragment of bone
Ostheoarthritis
What is it?
Is it inflammatory?
What is the difference between primary and secondary OA?
What are the risk factors for primary OA?
What causes secondary OA?
- degenerative disorder arising from breakdown of hyalin cartilage
- No
- Primary has unknown cause but secondary has a known percipitating cause
- Age, female, african-american, nutrition (low Vit c & e)
- obesity, trauma, inflammation, septic arthritis, RA
Ostheoarthritis
What are the symptoms?
What is the pathology?
What are the 4 cardinal signs on Xray?
- deep aching joint pain, reduced motion range, crepitus, stiffness during rest
- risk factors > excessive loading of joint > inc. proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes > disease progress > dec. in proteoglycan > hyalin cartilage soften and loses elasticity
- bone cysts, reduced joint space, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis (BROS)
OA of Hip
What are the symptoms?
What are the treatments?
- joint stifness, pain in hip, mechanical pain, crepitus, reduced mobility
- weight reduction
activity modification
analgesia & NSAIDs
Steroid and Hyaluronic acid injections
Total Hip replacement
# NOF
What is it?
What are the classifications?
What is the complication and why?
What are the symptoms?
What is the classi clinical presentation of affected leg?
- fracture of the proximal femur up to 5cm below lesser trochanter
- intracapsular, extracapsular (intertrochanteric & subtrochanteric)
- Avascular necrosis due to disruption of retinacular branch of MCFA and inability for artery of ligamentum teres to sustain metabolic demand of femoral head
- reduced mobility, pain at hip, groin or knee
- shortened, abducted, externally rotated
#NOF
Why affected leg shorterned, abducted and externally rotated?
- Shorten : Rectus femoris, adductor magnus and hamstring msucles pull distal fragment upwards
- Abducted : Glut med and min abduct distal fragment
- External rotation : Lat rorators contract and rotae femoral shaft
Traumatic dislocation of hip
What is it?
What are the causes?
What is the common dislocation?
What is the classic clinical presentation?
- head of femur fully displaced out of acetabulum
- congenital, tauma
- posterior
- shorten, hip flexion, adduction and medial rotation
Traumatic dislocation of hip
Why does shorterning, flexion, adduction and medial rotation occur?
- Shortening : glut max, hamstring pull head upwards
- Adduction : comtraction of hip adductos
- medial rotation : anterior fibres of glut med and min
