Hip Flashcards

1
Q

Pulled hamstring

What is it?

What causes it?

What are the complications?

A
  • sudden muscular exertion resulting in stretching of posterior thighh muscle
  • jumping, sprinting
  • muscle sprain, partial/complete tear of origin, avulsion of fragment of bone
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2
Q

Ostheoarthritis

What is it?

Is it inflammatory?

What is the difference between primary and secondary OA?

What are the risk factors for primary OA?

What causes secondary OA?

A
  • degenerative disorder arising from breakdown of hyalin cartilage
  • No
  • Primary has unknown cause but secondary has a known percipitating cause
  • Age, female, african-american, nutrition (low Vit c & e)
  • obesity, trauma, inflammation, septic arthritis, RA
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3
Q

Ostheoarthritis

What are the symptoms?

What is the pathology?

What are the 4 cardinal signs on Xray?

A
  • deep aching joint pain, reduced motion range, crepitus, stiffness during rest
  • risk factors > excessive loading of joint > inc. proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes > disease progress > dec. in proteoglycan > hyalin cartilage soften and loses elasticity
  • bone cysts, reduced joint space, osteophytes, subchondral sclerosis (BROS)
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4
Q

OA of Hip

What are the symptoms?

What are the treatments?

A
  • joint stifness, pain in hip, mechanical pain, crepitus, reduced mobility
  • weight reduction

activity modification

analgesia & NSAIDs

Steroid and Hyaluronic acid injections

Total Hip replacement

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5
Q

# NOF

What is it?

What are the classifications?

What is the complication and why?

What are the symptoms?

What is the classi clinical presentation of affected leg?

A
  • fracture of the proximal femur up to 5cm below lesser trochanter
  • intracapsular, extracapsular (intertrochanteric & subtrochanteric)
  • Avascular necrosis due to disruption of retinacular branch of MCFA and inability for artery of ligamentum teres to sustain metabolic demand of femoral head
  • reduced mobility, pain at hip, groin or knee
  • shortened, abducted, externally rotated
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6
Q

#NOF

Why affected leg shorterned, abducted and externally rotated?

A
  • Shorten : Rectus femoris, adductor magnus and hamstring msucles pull distal fragment upwards
  • Abducted : Glut med and min abduct distal fragment
  • External rotation : Lat rorators contract and rotae femoral shaft
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7
Q

Traumatic dislocation of hip

What is it?

What are the causes?

What is the common dislocation?

What is the classic clinical presentation?

A
  • head of femur fully displaced out of acetabulum
  • congenital, tauma
  • posterior
  • shorten, hip flexion, adduction and medial rotation
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8
Q

Traumatic dislocation of hip

Why does shorterning, flexion, adduction and medial rotation occur?

A
  • Shortening : glut max, hamstring pull head upwards
  • Adduction : comtraction of hip adductos
  • medial rotation : anterior fibres of glut med and min
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