Pathological Fractures Flashcards
What is a pathological fracture?
1 - a fracture that is due to infection
2 - a low impact fracture in a both with existing abnormality
3 - malignant bones
2 - a low impact fracture in a both with existing abnormality
Which of the following is NOT a common cause of a pathological bone fracture?
1 - malignancy
2 - osteoporosis
3 - osteomyelitis
4 - osteoarthritis
5 - osteomalacia
4 - osteoarthritis
Are primary malignant bone tumours common?
- no
- generally secondary from other sites
- most common include breast, lung, renal, thyroid and prostate
All of the following are common causes of secondary bone metastasis, EXCEPT which
one?
1 - breast
2 - lung
3 - colon
4 - thyroid
5 - renal
6 - prostate
3 - colon
Which 2 of the following are common causes of haematological bone cancers?
1 - myeloma
2 - leukemia
3 - lymphoma
4 - myelodysplastic Syndromes
1 - myeloma
3 - lymphoma
All of the following are common sites where secondary metastatic cancer can spread to, EXCEPT which one?
1 - spine (vertebral body)
2 - proximal Femur (subtrochanteric region)
3 - humerus (head, neck and shaft)
4 - pelvis (pubic rami)
4 - pelvis (pubic rami)
All of the following are benign bone cancers, EXCEPT which one?
1 - Osteosarcoma
2 - Osteochondroma
3 - Enchondroma
4 - Osteoid osteoma
5 - Giant cell tumours
6 - Aneurysmal bone cyst
7 - Fibrous cortical defect
1 - Osteosarcoma
- benign tumours generally remain localised to the bone
All of the following are benign bone cancers. Which is most common?
1 - Osteochondroma
2 - Enchondroma
3 - Osteoid osteoma
4 - Giant cell tumours
5 - Aneurysmal bone cyst
6 - Fibrous cortical defect
1 - Osteochondroma
- presents as a painless mass
- though to arise form abnormal growth at the growth plates
At what age do benign bone cancers generally occur?
1 - 1-3 y/o
2 - 5-15 y/o
3 - 10-30 y/o
4 - >35 y/o
3 - 10-30 y/o
How are benign bone tumours generally diagnosed?
1 - blood results
2 - bone tumour marker
3 - plain film X-ray
4 - biopsy
3 - plain film X-ray
- often random finding
The second most common benign tumour is an enchondroma. What do these generally form from?
1 - articular cartilage
2 - periosteum
3 - hyaline cartilage
4 - blood vessels
3 - hyaline cartilage
- typically located in medullary of bone
The second most common benign tumour is an enchondroma that form from hyaline cartilage and are located in the medullary. Where in the body are these tumours most common?
1 - feet
2 - hands
3 - hips
4 - spine
2 - hands
- normally a single tumour, but multiple tumours is called Ollier’s disease
Are all benign tumours surgically operated on?
- no
- only if painful, impinging nerves or range of motion at a joint
Three of the following are malignant bone tumours, which one is NOT malignant?
1 - Ewings
2 - Osteosarcoma
3 - Osteochondroma
4 - Chondrosarcoma
3 - Osteochondroma
Which of the following is the most common malignant bone tumour?
1 - Ewings
2 - Osteosarcoma
3 - Chondrosarcoma
2 - osteosarcoma
- can be intramedullary (most common), periosteal or parosteal