Pathological Conditions (Chapter 11)

Question 1

arrhythmias & dysrhythmias

Answer 1

Abnormal heart rhythms (bad rhythm)

Question 2

fibrillation

Answer 2

Very rapid, random, inefficient, and irregular contractions of the heart (350 beats or more per minute).

Question 3

defibrillator

Answer 3

Application of an electrical shock to hopefully restore a normal rhythm

Question 4

palpitations

Answer 4

odd thumping sensation that many people experience. (uncomfortable sensations in the chest from missed heartbeats)

Question 5

congenital heart disease

Answer 5

birth defects of the heart

Question 6

septal defects

Answer 6

Small holes in the wall between the atria (atrial septal defects) or the ventricles (ventricular septal defects)

Question 7

congestive heart failure

Answer 7

Heart is unable to pump its required amount of blood.

Question 8

pulmonary edema

Answer 8

Fluid accumulation in the lungs)

Question 9

coronary artery disease (CAD)

Answer 9

Disease of the arteries surrounding the heart.

Question 10

atherosclerosis

Answer 10

a build -up of fatty plaque inside of arteries; if it occurs in the coronary arteries it can lead to a heart attack).

Question 11

ischemia

Answer 11

Blood flow is decreased or stopped entirely.

Question 12

necrosis

Answer 12

lack of blood supply that leads to death

Question 13

infarct

Answer 13

area of necrotic cells due to a blood clot totally blocking an artery to this particular area

Question 14

angina

Answer 14

chest pain

Question 15

myocardial infarction

Answer 15

an infarction of the coronary arteries of the heart: a “heart attack”

Question 16

aneurysm

Answer 16

Local widening (dilation) of an arterial wall.

Question 17

hypertension

Answer 17

high blood pressure

Question 18

varicose veins

Answer 18

weak veins that become twisted and dilated.

Question 19

hemorrhoids

Answer 19

varicose veins of the anus and rectal area