Patholgy Sema Flashcards
What is the most referent microrganamsims in vaginitis
Candida albicans
Trichomanas vaginalis
Which hPV VARIANTS ARE NOT INCLUDED IN HIGH RISK HPV
HPV type 6 and 11
What are the two types of SQUAMOUS INTREPITHELIAL LESION SIL
Low grade sil
High grade sil
What are the hPV types with high risk
16 and 18
ÇİN 2-3
LSIL IS CHRACTEIRZED BY
Dysplastic changes on the lower third of the mucosa and koilocytic change superficially
HSIL IS CHARACTERIZED BY
Dysplasia in upper layers of the epithelium
Loilocytic chnages is usually absent
Dysplasia that affects the entire thickness of the epithelium is called
Carcinoma in situ
Types of cervical cancers
1- SCC
2- ADENOCARCINOMA
3- SMALL CELL CARCINOMA
4- ADENOSQUAMOUS CARCINOMA
Most common cervical cancer
SCC
Most common abnormal bleeding reason in post menopausal periods is
Endometrial carcinoma
Which common proliferative lesions of the uterine corpus prdouce abnormal uterine bleeding as their earliest manifestation
1- endometrial hyperplasia
2- endometrial carcinoma
3- smooth muscle tumors
What are common benign tumors arising from the smooth muscles cells in the myometrium
LEIOMYOMA
Affectbhaglf pf women in reproductive age
Estrogen stimulates growth
Shrink after menopausal due to estrogen levels being low
Morphology of leiomyosarcoma
Necrosis
Cytologic atypia
Mitotic figures
Arise from the myometrial mesencymal cells
Mahir pathological lesions of the ovary are
Nonneoplatic cysts
Ovarian tumors
Most common non neoplatic cysts are
Follicular and luteal cysts
The most common and important ovarian neoplasms are
Serous and mucinous Tumors
Hugh grade serous carcinoma 70-80%
Five major groups of the ovarian cancer
1- tumors of the surface epithelium
2- germ cell tumors
3- sex cord stromal tumors
4- micellounis tumors
5-metastatic tumors
Most common ovarian tumor
Surface epithelial storm Al cell tumors
Types
1- serous tumors
2- mucinous tumors
3- endometrial tumors
4- Clear cell tumors
5- Brennen tumors
6- cystsedenofibroma
Germ cell types
Tertoma
Dysgerminoma
Endodermal sinus tumors
Choriocarcinoma
Sex cord stoma types
Fibromyalgia
Granulosa theca cell tumor
Sertoli Leydig cell tumor
The most common ovarian epithelial neoplasms are
Serous and mucinous tumors
The surface epithelial tumors are divided into 3 acordding to aggressiveness what are they
1- clearly benign- cystic spaces are smooth and are lined by a single layer of epithelial cells, serous tumors and mucinous tumors
2- clearly malignant- serosalinvasion exuberant papillary projections lines by atypical cells
Pathogens is of the serous carcinoma
Low grade serous carcinoma-RAS
UIGH grade serous carcinomas- P53
Familial cases are aitten realtedmto germline mutation -BRCA-1 and BRACA-2
Most common type of the germ cell tumors is
Nearly 95% of them are benign and in young females most commonly benign cystic teratomas(dermoid cysts)
What are the 2 important examples of the monodemal teratomas
Struma ovarii
Carcinoid tumors
Malignant germ cell tumor is
Dysgerminoma
Embriyonal germ cell tumors are
1- yolk sac tumors
2-choriocarcinoma
3- tertoma
How to microscopically identify a yoke sac tumors
Structures of SCHILLER DUCAL BODY
HIGH LEVEL OF AFP
INTRACELULAR AND EXTRACELULAR PAS- positive hyaline globules
GRANULOSA CELL TUMOR FACTS
Secrete estrogen
In older patients produce endometrial hyperplasia
Responsible for precocious puberty in young girl
CALL- EXNER BODIES
COFFE BEAN NUCLEUS
METASTASTIC TUMORS
10% of ovarian cancers
Metastasis occurs by lymphatic or hematogenous
Important bilaterality of the tumor is most helpful for diagnosis clue
WHAT IS A KRUKENBERG TUMOR
Distinctive bilateral tumor metastatic to tumors
Most common disorder of the fallopian tubes is
Inflammation- SALPHINGITS
Tuberculous salpingitis
After young women in their active reproductive life
Most common complaint is infertility
Tubercle bacilli reach the tube by hematogenous route from the lung
What is an ectopic preganancy
Implantation of a fertilized ovum in any site other then the uterus
Mostly located in the faloopian tube
Diseases of pregnancy types
1- Ascending infection through the birth canal
Usually bacterial
2- hematogenous spread
Tranolacental infection under the TORCH
Most common seen disease of pregnancy
GESTATIONAL TROPhoblastic DISease in which all the HCG in the urine and blood are higher then normal
Two types of the hyaditiform mole( swollen or dilation with chorionic villi are
Complete hyaditiform mole- all of the chorionic villi are abnormal
Partial- result in early embryo formation and contain some chrionic villi and always triploid
Fetal tissue may be present
Edema
Tophoblastic proliferrtion
GESTATIONAL CHRIOCARCINOMA
50% from complete hyaditiform moles
Bloody brownish discharge
High HCG
ANOLASTIC CYTOTtropjoblasts AND SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLASTS
Sensitive to chemotherapy
Paternal antigens
What is PREECLAMPISIA
Edema in the third trimester of pregnancy
HYPERTENSION WITH PROTEINURIA 10% of the patients developed HELLP syndrome
Which syndrome is caused with severe preeclampsia
HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA
ELEVATED
LIVER ENZYMES
LOW
PLATELET COUNT
