Gyne Flashcards
Which position is the pelvic examination performed in
Dorsal lithotomy position
How is the bimanul examination done
The index and middle finger Of the dominant hand is used
To examine the vagina crevix uterus pelvic floor and adnexa
What are some diagnostic methods
1- vaginal USG
2- abdomanl USG
3- cervical smear
4-vulvar cervical and endometrial biopsy
5- colposcopy
What are the phases for the ovarian cycle
1- follicular phase 1-14
2- ovulation day 14
3- luteal phase days 14-28
What are the phases for the uterine cycle
1- menstrual phase 1-5
2- proliferativw phase 6-14
3- secretory phase 14-28
What is the function of the FSH
FSH SECRETES ESTROGEN FROM THE FOLLICULES IN OVARIES
What does the estrogen do
Proliferated the endometrium
What does the granulosa and theca cells secrete
Granulosa cells secrete estrogene
Theca cells screte progesterone
What is the life span of corpus luteum
14 days
Most common cause of vaginal bleeding in childhood is
Foreign body I’m the vagina
Most common vaginal bleeding in reproductive age women
Accidents of pregnancy
Most common cause of vaginal beldding in post menopausal women is
Atrophic endometrium
Cause of heavy menstrual bleeding
POLYp
ADENOMYOSIS
LEIOMYOMA
MALIGNANY HYPERPLASIA
COAGULOPTHY
OVULATORY DISORDERS
ENDOMETRIAL DISORDERS
IATROGENIC CUASES
Not CLASSIFED
What’s is primary and secondary Amenorrhea
No Menses by age of 14 without sexual characteristics or no menses by age if 16 with sexual characteristics
Secondary
The an neşe of menstruation for three pres ions cycle intervals for 6 months
What is the difference between PREMENSTRUAL SYNDROME AND PREMENTRUZL DISPHORIC DISRODEE
PMS has mild to moderate symptoms and it is physical and behavioral occur in the 2n half of the menstrual cycle and may interfere with daily activity
PMDD is more severe and marked with behavioral and emotional symptoms
What is the simalarity between PMS AND PMDD
Manifest in the luteal phase of menstrual cycle
Resolve during menses
The difference between PMS AND PMDD
PMDD must have one sever affective symptom which in during the last week of the luteal phase
Anxiety
Tension
Anger
5 of 11 sumotoms of the DSM IV CRITERIA
infective causes of the vaginal
Candida vaginitis
Trachomonial vaginitis
Bacterial vaginosis
Cervical infective causes
GONORRHOEA CERVICITIS
CHLAMDYDIA CERVIcitis
White intense discharge with itching
CANDIDA VAGINITIS
Greenish frothy copious discharge with itching
TRICHOMONIAL VAGINTIS
Whitish Grey copious discharge without itching with fish odor
Bacterial vaginosis
First trimester symptoms
Peripheral edema
Vaginal bleeding
Nassau a pelvic pain
Breast tenderness
Second and third trimester
Vaginal bleeding placental
Vaginal fluid drainage
Hyoetrension migraine
During the first 6 months of a pregnancy what is the main obstretric complication
Abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding
Symptoms of an ectopic pregnancy
Amenorrhea
Abdominal pain
Fainting
Irregular vaginal bleeding
Signs of threatened abortion
Vaginal bleeding in low levels
Closed cervix
Uterine size for the amenorrhoea period
Signs of inevitable abortion
Vaginal bleeding at the increasing levels
Lower abdominal pain
Open cervical os
Non expulsion of the products of conception
Septic abortion signs
Fever
Abdominal pain
Persistent vaginal bleeding
Foul smelling vaginal discharge
Open cervical os
Bulky uterus
Tenderness in adnexa
Complete abortion signs
Expulsion of products of conception
Minimal vaginal bleeding
Abdominal discomfort
Closed cervical os
Types of obstetric hearmorrhage
ANTEPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE
INTRAPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE
POSTPARTUM HAEMORRHAGE
Antepartum and intrapartum HAEMORRHAGE can be cause by
Placental praevia
Abruptio placentae
Unterune rupture
Vasa praevia
Cervical lesion
Postpartum HAEMORRHAGE can be caused by
Uterine Antony
Retention of placental tissue
Lacerations of the soft tissues of the perineum vagina cervix
Clotting failure or coagulopathy
Which condition is an emergency for pregnancy
Placenta praevia
Partial implantation of the placenta in lower part
Common cause of PPH
TONE Antony
TISSUE clots
TRAUMA uterine cervical vagina, tears or injury
THROMBIN coagulopahty
Shoulder dystocia
Failure to deliver shoulders after the head of the babyhas been delivered
Common symptoms during a pregnancy
1- nausea and vomiting most common cause but resolve by the end of the 12 weeks estimated gestational age
2-Epigastric pain git reflux
3- cough with chest pain and shortness of breath should indicate pulmonary embolism in pregnancy
4- RASH= melasma = srtirae gavidadum stretch marks= pruritic Papiles and plaques
5- dysuria
6- Low back pain
7- headaches
What is intraheptic cholestasis of pregnancy
Causes pruritus without a rash but itching is there check for intrahepatic cholestasis
Treat with ursidiol
I
What is triple test used for and what codes it comprise
Used for DOWN SYNDROME
1-AFP
2- HCG
3- uE3 unconjugated estradiol
What is quadruple test
TRIPLE TEST + inhibin A estimation
This test + maternal age defects 76% Down syndrome
Down syndrome AFP UE3 HCG LEVELS
AFP and uE3 are low
HCG IS RAISED
What is DOUBLE TEST
LOW PREGANCY PLASMA PROTEIN A level and raised serum beta HCG during 1 st trimester
Double test + maternal age diagnose 60% DS
Trisomy 18 levels
AFP HCG E3 are low
What are some invasive tests
1- AMNIOCENTESIS
2- CHORIONIC VIlUS SAMPLING
3- FETAL BLOOD SAMPLING
4- EMRYOSCOPY AN FETOSCOPY
5-NEW MOLECULAR ANALYTIC TECHNQUES
6- PCR
7- FLOURESCENT IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION
