Patholgies Flashcards
cervical spine variants
whats this cervical spine variants
Os Odontoideum : Separation occurs at the top of the spine
cervical spine variants
whats this cervical spine variants
Cervical Ribs : congenital overdevelopment of the transverse process of a cervical spine vertebra.
cervical spine variants
whats this cervical spine variants
an important marker of spinal trauma
What is this pathology
Hangmans fracture
bilateral fracture traversing the pars interarticularis of cervical vertebrae 2 (C2)
Hyperextension and axial loading.
Distraction
what projection will show hangmans fracture
lateral
what is this pathology
Jeffersons fracture : burst fracture of the atlas.
Axial Load
what projection shows the jeffersons fracture
peg
what is the pathology
Clay-Shoveller’s Fracture
fracture through the spinous process of a vertebra occurring at any of the lower cervical or upper thoracic vertebrae, classically at C6 or C7.
excess force from twisting muscles in the neck. Coronal flexion and extension.
what projection shows Clay-Shoveller’s Fracture
lateral
what is the pathology
teardrop fracture
the flexed cervical spine due to trauma involving head impact
extension or flexion
what projection shows a teardrop fracture
lateral
what is this pathology
wedge
collapsing the bone in the front of the spine
Axial compression, flexion force
what is this pathology
burst fracture
disruption of a vertebral body endplate and the posterior vertebral body cortex.
high-energy axial loading
difference between wedge and burst
Wedge causes collapse of vertebral body into a wedge shape due to axial compressive load.
- Burst is similar except vertebral shatters and bony components are pushed posteriorly into spinal canal via retropulsion.
what is the pathology
odontoid fracture
hyperextension
what is this pathology
Zygapophyseal Joint Dislocation
anterior displacement of one vertebral body on another
forced flexion
what is this pathology
Atlanto-Occipital Dislocation
Seperation of atlas and occipital bone
what is this pathology
Cervical Spondylosis
bony projections along the edges of bones (bone spurs)
what is this pathology
Cervical Stenosis
the spinal canal is too small for the spinal cord and nerve roots = pins and needles in the limbs
what is this pathology
chance fracture
- Transverse fracture often through the vertebral. STARTS AT THE POSTERIOR SURFACE
flexion-distraction eg seatbelt
what is this pathology
pincer fracture
vertebral in bitten in half by the ones above and below
- coronal force + big flexion
what is this pathology
Zygapophyseal Joint dislocation
(facet)
- anterior displacement of one vertebral body on another.
- Without fracture
what is this pathology
Spondylosis
abnormal wear on the cartilage and bones of the neck
how does this pathology occur
facet joint dislocation.
hyper flexion:
rotation;
hyperextension:
what is this pathology
Vertebral Osteophytes (formation of spurs)
what is this pathology and describe it
Carrot stick fracture
- Only occurs in ankylosing spondylitis.
- Fracture over multiple vertebras
what is this pathology and what is the mechanism of force
Coccygeal fracture
Backward fall or strong blow to the tailbone
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury
Sacral-iliac dislocations (widening of the pubic syn)
Lateral Compression, anterior-posterior compression. During child birth, motor vechicle accidents,
what is this pathology and the mechanism of injury
Spondylolysis “Aldi fracture”
defect in the pars interactritis
Stress from bad posture
describe the scottie dog
Eye =
Nose =
Neck =
Fore/hind leg =
Body =
Ear/Tail =
Eye = pedicle
- Nose = transverse process
- Neck = pars interarticularis
- Fore/hind leg = inferior articular process
- Body = lamina and spinous process
- Ear/Tail = superior articular process
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury
Spondylolisthesis
hyperflexion associated with varying degrees of distraction
what is Spodyloloptosis
Really bad spondylolisthesis
what is Sacro-ilitis
Arthritis of the Sacro-iliac joints
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury
Sagittal force = smashed through acetabulum
= shards of bone close to the iliac artery
what is the pathology of a pt with a foreshortened leg and external rotated
fracture of neck of femur
what is shentons line
no sharp lines
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury
Bucket-handle fracture (Multiple #
2# in pubic rami 3rd dislocated SI joint)
Hit from side = iliac crest comes in
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury
Duverney Fracture (iliac crest)
Sagittal loading injury
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury and projections used
open book fracture (Separation of pubic symphysis (diastasis), pubic rami fractures, iliac fractures, SIJ dislocation.)
Coronal force onto pubic symphysis
Childbirth or motor vehicle
inlet and outlet
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury and projections used
straddle fractures
4# around the pubic synthesis
Coronal loading injury
Cysto-gram for straddle
inlet and outlet
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury
vertical shear fracture (FROM ETOH)
3 # going through
Unilateral axial loading
Eg jumping and landing on 1 leg
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury
Intertrochanteric
- Inability to internally rotate feet or feet that present externally rotated.
- - 1 leg shorter than the other.
- - Results in foreshortening
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury and projections used
Transcervical (VERY RARE)
Middle of neck
axial loading during high force trauma
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury
Slipped capital Femoral Epiphysis (kid)
Mass of adomen forces on growth plate
what is this pathology and mechanism of injury
Legg-Cave-perthe’s disease
Breakdown of femur head = bad density
a patient is in a car accident but not wearing a seat belt. what is this mechanism and possible pathologies
FLEXION
Facet joint dislocation
flexion tear drop
wedge
a patient hits there chin on the diving board while trying to impressive his crush. he was found in the pool unconscious. he was saved by the hot foot ball player james who very fearlessly dived into the pool shirtless after him. the pt wakes up embarrassed by what just happened but still hopeful that his crush Samantha didn’t see. he was wrong she saw the whole thing no she watched in ore as james saves this mans life. she walked over and complemented james heroic action and they evenly spent the rest of the evening together falling in love. the pt sat in the corner ashamed right fully so. what is this mechanism of injury and possible pathologies.
EXTENSION
hangmans, extension teardrop, odontoid
a patient lands on their head trying to do a head stand but his weak little arms cant with stand his fat ass. he lands on his head, causing significant cognitive damage. they now have the mental age of a 5 year old. his marriage is now falling apart. the wife has left him and taken the kids. Hes forgotten to pay the electrical bills and he’s being evicted and has to leave his house in 2 weeks. what is this mechanism of injury and possible pathologies.
axial.
hangmans, jeffersons, teardrop, wedge, burst
