Pathogens that Cause Communicable Diseases Flashcards
Pathogens:
Pathogens are microorganisms that cause diseases (conditions that prevent normal functioning), they live in a host body which creates a good habitat. Pathogens take nutrition from and damage the host.
Bacteria:
Reproduce rapidly, cause disease by damaging cells, releasing products/toxins. In plants, bacteria often live in vascular tissues and cause blackening/death.
Fungi:
In animals: fungus lives in skin; hyphae grow forming a mycelium under skin surface. The fungus can send out specialised hyphae which release spores causing redness & irritation.
In plants: often lives in vascular tissue, where it can gain nutrients. Hyphae release extracellular enzymes to digest surrounding cells – saprotrophic, causing decay. Leaves shrivel, Fruit/tubers turn black and decay.
Viruses:
Viruses invade host cells and take over the genetic machinery, metabolism and organelles. They cause the cell to manufacture copies of the virus (as it cannot replicate, make proteins or ATP by itself). The host eventually bursts, releasing new viruses to infect other cells.
Protoctista:
Enter host cells and feed on the contents to grow and reproduce(e.g. the malarial parasite Plasmodium feeds on haemoglobin in red blood cells).
Tabel
Draw it.
who does bacteria affect
Human
Plants
What diseases does bacteria create in humans?
•Tuberculosis
(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
•bacterial meningitis
Characteristics of Tuberculosis
(Mycobacterium tuberculosis)
Kills cells in many parts of the body, lungs most affected, also supresses immune system. Curable with antibiotics.
Characteristics of bacterial meningitis
Infection of membrane that surrounds spinal cord, membrane becomes swollen damaging brain/nerves.
What disease does bacteria create in plants?
Ring Rot
(potatoes/tomatoes
Characteristics of Ring Rot
(potatoes/tomatoes)
Damages tubers, leaves and fruit (rings of decay). Crops can’t be grown again for 2 years
What does virus affect
Human
Plants
What diseases in humans does virus cause
AIDS (HIV)
Influenza
Characteristic of AIDS(HIV);
Attacks cells in immune system - compromises immune response.
Characteristics of influenza
Attacks respiratory system, causes muscle pain/headaches
What disease does virus cause in plants
Tobacco mosaic virus
Characteristics of Tobacco mosaic virus
Causes damage and discolouration of leaves and fruit.
who does protoctista affect
Human
Plant
What disease does Protoctista cause in humans?
Malaria ( plasmodium)
Characteristics of Malaria ( plasmodium)
Parasite that infects red blood cells causing headache & fever, may progress to coma/death. Vector: female mosquitos
What disease does Protoctista cause in plants?
Late blight
(potatoes/tomatoes)
Characteristics of Late blight
(potatoes/tomatoes)
Destroys leaves, fruit and potato tubers. Management is used to prevent infection.
Who does fungi affect
Human plant cattle
What disease does fungi cause in humans?
Athlete’s foot
Characteristics of Athlete’s foot
Growth of mycelium under skin surface of feet, between toes
What disease does fungi cause in plant?
Black Sigatoka (bananas)
characteristics of Black Sigatoka (bananas)
Causes leaf spots on banana plants, reducing yield.
What disease does fungi cause in cattle?
Ringworm (cattle)
Characteristics of Ringworm (cattle)
Growth of fungus in skin when cell with spores erupt to release spores, causes skin rashes.
Are most plant diseases curable?
Most plant diseases are incurable.
