pathogens, plant and animla diseases and trsmission - (module 4) Flashcards
what is a communicable disease?
a disease that can spread between organisms
give a virus that affects; a plant and animal
ring rot, HIV
what type of pathogen causes malaria
protocist
give one way disease can be transferred directly
droplet infection
give one way disease can be transferred indirectly
air
how can climate affect the spread of disease
for example potato blight is common during wet summers as spores need water to spread
what kinds of pathogens cause disease?
bacteria, fungus, virus and protocistan
what is an infectious disease?
a disease resulting from infection of a host organism by a pathogen
what is the difference between gram positive and gram negative cell walls?
gram negative has less peptidoglycan, gram negative has lipopolysaccharides, gram positive has porin
describe a virus
non-living infectious agents, 50X smaller than the average bacteria
what is a bacteriophage?
a virus that infects bacteria, virus that destroy the bacteria
is fungi multicellular or unicellular?
yeast is single celled, most are multicellular
what kind of organism can produce toxins?
most pathogenic bacteria
how do toxins cause damage?
break down cell membranes, damaging or inactivating enzymes and they interfere with the host cells genetic material so the cell can divide
what is a sign of a disease?
observable things/ things that you can measure
what is a symptom?
things that you have to tell someone- you cant see them
what is the term acute?
develops quickly and lasts a short time
what is the term chronic?
develops slowly and lasts a long time
3 ways direct contact can transmit pathogens
exchange of bodily fluids, skin-to-skin and faecal transmission
3 ways inoculation can transmit pathogens
sex, animal bite and puncture wound
how can transmission be reduced?
minimising close contact and hand washing
