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Endodontics > Pathogenesis and Periapical Diseases > Flashcards

Pathogenesis and Periapical Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Endo

A

within

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2
Q

dontics

A

tooth

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3
Q

What resides within the tooth chamber with rigid walls?

A

unique connective tissue with vascular, lymphatic and nervous elements

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4
Q

What does the connective tissue contain?

A

odontoblasts

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5
Q

What does the pulp contain?

A

fibroblasts, undifferentiated mesenchymal cells, collagen type I and II, proteoglycans, glycoproteins, and water

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6
Q

What two dental tissues function as a unit?

A

pulp and dentin

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7
Q

where are odontoblasts located?

A

in the periphery of the pulp tissue, with extensions into the inner part of the dentin.

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8
Q

Dentin is the result of what process

A

odontoblast

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9
Q

How long does it take for a root to fully develop?

A

2-3 years (mainly 2)

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10
Q

How long does inflammation take to be felt by the patient?

A

48 hours

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11
Q

antibiotics take how long to kick in?

A

48 hours

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12
Q
A
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13
Q

Aδ fibers innervate what area

A

periphery

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14
Q

C fibers innervate what area

A

the central pulp

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15
Q

Aδ fibers characteristics

A

Sharp response to thermal change

extend between the odontoblasts

lose their myelin sheath (slows down the nerve transmission as they die)

extend to a distance of 100 to 200 μm into the dentinal tubules

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16
Q

C fibers characteristics

A

unmyelinated

dull ache that affects patients with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis

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17
Q

When a tooth first erupts, the root apex is _____ with _____ blood supply.

A

immature; ample

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18
Q

the older a tooth gets, the ____ the pulp is able to withstand irritation.

A

less

19
Q

As a tooth matures what happens to the apices

A

it closes

20
Q

What dictates the type and duration of a stimulus?

A

dental pulp and irritants

21
Q

How can you classify irritants?

A

non-living = mechanical, thermal, or
chemical
living = microbial

22
Q

what increases pulp irritation

A

more dentin is removed during deep cavity preparations

23
Q

where is dentinal permeability is greater ?

A

closer to the pulp

removal of tooth structure without proper cooling

deep scaling a curettage

24
Q

Periapical tissues can be mechanically irritated by

A

impact injuries
hyper-occlusion
over-instrumentation of root canals
perforation of the root, and over-extension of root canal fillings materials

25
Q

under normal conditions, what isolates the the pulp and dentin from microorganisms?

A

enamel and cementum

26
Q

what is the most common cause of pulp exposure

A

caries

27
Q

What are a few antimicrobial agents?

A

silver nitrate, phenol with and without
camphor, and eugenol

28
Q

What can ca inflammatory changes in the underlying dental pulp?

A

cytotoxicity

29
Q

What are some irritants that will cause an inflammatory change?

A

cavity cleansers, such as
alcohol, chloroform, hydrogen peroxide, and various acids; chemicals
present in desensitizers, cavity liners and bases; and temporary and
permanent restorative materials.

30
Q

What is the initial reaction of a pulp?

A

immune response

31
Q

What is the most significant cause of inflammation?

A

microbial

32
Q

early response to caries results in focal accumulation of what?

A

chronic inflammatory
cells, such as macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells

33
Q

Pulpal inflammation may remain inflamed for a long time or undergo rapid necrosis based on what factors?

A

virulence of the microorganisms

ability to circulate inflammatory fluids to avoid a marked increase in intrapulpal pressure

host resistance, including genetic variations

amount of circulation

lymphatic drainage

34
Q

What is the path of travel for micro-organisms and their byproducts?

A

canal to periapical region

35
Q

Pulpal and periapical pathoses do not develop without the presence of ?

A

bacterial contamination

36
Q

What is the goal of root canal treatment?

A

to remove microorganism from the root canal system

37
Q

What is biofilm?

A

Microcolonies of bacteria that irreversibly attach to a substratum, to an interface like dentin, and to each other

38
Q

(T/F) Can all areas of the infected root canal system harbor microbial cells
organized as highly variable biofilm structures

A

true

39
Q

What is the main microbial agent that causes endodontic infection?

A

lactobacilli, gramnegative
bacteria,

40
Q

(T/F) primary root canal infects cannot harbor a multispecies population of facultative and strict anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, spirochetes, yeasts, etc.

A

false

41
Q

What major virus is associated with irreversible pulpitis?

A

Epstein-Barr virus

42
Q

How can microorganism enter the canal between appointments?

A

Cracked tooth
Tooth left open
Other reasons:
Not using a rubber dam
Caries left in tooth
Delay in getting a permanent restoration

43
Q
A

Endodontics (3 decks)

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