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BIO 357 - Microbiology > Pathogenesis > Flashcards

Pathogenesis Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is Virulence?

A

the relative ability of a pathogen to cause disease

can be high or low

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2
Q

What is Pathogenecity?

A

the ability to cause disease

can either have or not

no high or low

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3
Q

How do you measure Virulence?

A

use LD50 and/or ID

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4
Q

What is ID?

A

Infectious Dose

of microbes required to cause a set of symptoms

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5
Q

What is LD50?

A

Lethal Dose - 50%

of microbes it takes to kill 50% of the host’s cell population

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6
Q

What is a possible course of infection for a extracellular pathogen?

A

Exposure -> Adherence -> Colonization and Growth -> (Invasion -> Dissemination) or Toxicity -> Tissue Damage/Disease/Transmission

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7
Q

What is a possible course of infection for an intracellular pathogen?

A

Exposure -> Adherence -> (Invasion -> Dissemination) or Toxicity -> Tissue Damage/Disease/Transmission

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of Specificity?

A

Host Specificity

Genetic Specificity

Tissue Specificity

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9
Q

What is Adherence to host cells mediated by?

A

by adhesins

Non-specific = generally sticky (capsule)

Specific = ligand binding

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10
Q

How do intracellular pathogens invade host tissues?

A

they invade directly into host cells

get taken up by vacuoles

manipulate vacuoles do either disintegrate or don’t fuse w/ lysosomes

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11
Q

How do extracellular pathogens invade host tissues?

A

the penetrate in btwn host cells

break the tight junctions and celular cements that bind epithelial layers

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12
Q

What are 3 possible mechanisms for intracellular invasion of host cells?

A

Zipper mechanism

Trigger mechanism

Coiling phagocytosis

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13
Q

What is the zipper mechanism?

A

used for invasion of host cell

bacterium “sinks” into cell

pathogen gives signal to host and host lets it in = gentle

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14
Q

What is the Trigger mechanism?

A

used for invasion into host cell

major rearrangments of host membranes

host bursts open and swallows pahtogen up = brutal

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15
Q

What is coiling phagocytosis?

A

used for invasion of host cell

long coiling psuedopod to come out of host and coil around pahtogen and bring it in

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16
Q

What are 4 examples of spreading factors?

A

Hyaluronidase, Collagenase, Neuraminidase, and Hemolysin

17
Q

What does the spreading factor, Hyaluronidase, do?

A

attacks the interstitial cement of connective tissue by depolymerizing hyaluronic acid

18
Q

What does the spreading factor, collagenase, do?

A

breaks down collagen

19
Q

What does the spreading factor, neuraminidase, do?

A

degrades neuraminic acid and intercellular cement of the epithelial cells of the intestinal mucosa

20
Q

What does the spreading factor, hemolysin, do?

A

proteins that destroy red blood cells by lysis

forms rings and pokes holes in red blood cells

21
Q

What is Dissemination?

A

the spreading of pathogens through the body systems (blood, CSF, or lymphatic)

22
Q

What is Endotoxin?

A

the toxic heat-stable lipopolysaccharide (LPS) present only in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria

released form cell due to shedding or lysis

23
Q

What are the 3 types of Exotoxin?

A
  • Type I = superantigens - staph aureus toxic shock syndrome toxin
  • Type II = exotoxins that damage host cell membranes
  • Type III = A/B multisubunit toxins that interfere w/ host cel fxn
24
Q

Which pathogen causes chlamydia?

A

Chlamydia trachomatis

25
Q

What type of pathogen is Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

obligate intracellular pathogen

26
Q

What are the 2 life forms of Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

Elementary Body (EB) and Reticulate Body (RB)

27
Q

What is the difference between the EB and the RB of Chlamydia trachomatis?

A

EB = elementary body = non-replicating infectious article = dispersal form = dormant cell

RB = reticulate body = replicating, non infectious = vegetative cell

28
Q

What type of pathogen is Salmonella enterica spp. enterica?

A

Extracellular, facultative anaerobe, gram negative bacteria

29
Q

What are the virulence factors of Salmonella?

A

Type II Secretion System that secretes effectors

2 Type III Secretion Systems = one for entering host cell, one for escaping vacuole

30
Q

What are the steps that Salmonella takes to invade host cells?

A
  1. salmonella adheres to host cell wall
  2. salmonella uses Type III secretion system to inject host cell and inject effectors
    • causes host cel to engulf salmonella into vacuole (SCV)
  3. salmonella prevents lysosome binding to vacuole using Type III secretion system
  4. salmonella then begins replicating and eventually escapes vacuole and spreads

BIO 357 - Microbiology (8 decks)

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