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Radiographic Prodecures > Patho Test > Flashcards

Patho Test Flashcards

1
Q

A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment

A

iatrogenic

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2
Q

a basic reaction of the body to some form of injury

A

Disease process

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3
Q

a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown

A

idiopathic

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4
Q

depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing

A

Ischemia

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5
Q

Latin word for “new growth”. Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells, is called:

A

Neoplasia

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6
Q

Diseases can be caused by what 5 things/processes?

A

Hereditary, trauma, infection, metabolic, and vascular

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7
Q

localized lesion filled with pus and bacteria

A

Abscess

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8
Q

localized lesion filled with pus and bacteria

A

Abscess

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9
Q

Spreading infection of subcutaneous tissues

A

Cellulitis

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10
Q

Depressed lesions on skin or mucous membrane

A

Ulcers

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11
Q

5 signs of acute inflammation

A

Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function

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12
Q

The rupture of a blood vessel or vessels

A

Hemorrhage

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13
Q

Loss of uniformity of cells

A

Dysplasia

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14
Q

rate that an illness or abnormality occurs

A

Morbidity

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15
Q

What can be described by an immune reaction where antigens attach to the wall of white, red blood cells, or platelets

A

Cytotoxic reaction

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16
Q

new growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread

A

Malignant

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17
Q

Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function

A

Benign

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18
Q

a condition when tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated

A

Cachexia

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19
Q

tumors that contain muscle cells

A

Myomas

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20
Q

Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern

A

Adenoma

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21
Q

Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasion into a natural body cavity

A

Seeding

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22
Q

neoplastic growth that proliferates without form

A

Anaplastic

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23
Q

When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs

A

Atrophy

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24
Q

The most common hereditary abnormality

A

Enzyme deficiency

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25
Q

a gene always producing an effect regardless of whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous

A

Dominant

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26
Q

The initial response of body tissues to local injury is:

A

Inflammation

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27
Q

Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by:

A

Hyperemia

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28
Q

In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with:

A

Granulation tissue

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29
Q

Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is:

A

Edema

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30
Q

Some bacterial organisms produce substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process known as:

A

Toxins

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31
Q

Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has centralized necrosis, is called:

A

A granuloma

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32
Q

In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the:

A

Increased blood flow and vascular permeability

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33
Q

In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called:

A

Pus

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34
Q

All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing:

A

Bacteremia

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35
Q

Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue and then contracting in the abdomen are known as:

A

Fibrous adhesions

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36
Q

An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called:

A

Anasarca

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37
Q

Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation.

A

Edema

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38
Q

An inflammation associated with pus formation is:

A

Suppurative

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39
Q

The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is:

A

Exudate

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40
Q

The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called:

A

Transudate

41
Q

A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n):

A

Infarct

42
Q

Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as:

A

Ischemia

43
Q

The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis, especially in the diabetic’s foot, is called:

A

Gangrene

44
Q

A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n):

A

Ecchymosis

45
Q

An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an):

A

Hematoma

46
Q

An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an):

A

Hematoma

47
Q

Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as:

A

Petechiae

48
Q

The volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of blood loss will determine the:

A

Patient status, clinical significance and treatment

49
Q

When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in:

A

Atrophy

50
Q

When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered:

A

Hypoplastic

51
Q

Which term is used to describe an increase in the size of an organ or tissue in response to an increase in function?

A

Hypertrophy

52
Q

The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of:

A

Hyperplasia

53
Q

The Latin word for “new growth” is:

A

Neoplasia

54
Q

New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered:

A

Malignant

55
Q

A polyp is a:

A

projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane

56
Q

A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n):

A

Adenocarcinoma

57
Q

The term derived from the Latin term for “crab” is:

A

Cancer

58
Q

The study of neoplasms or tumors is called:

A

Oncology

59
Q

Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called:

A

Benign

60
Q

When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition is referred to as:

A

Cachexia

61
Q

Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern are:

A

Adenomas

62
Q

Tumors that contain muscle cells are called:

A

Myomas

63
Q

Tumor cells of stratified squamous epithelium, which invade and destroy adjacent structures, make up:

A

Squamous cell carcinomas

64
Q

If a neoplastic growth proliferates without form, it is considered:

A

Anaplastic

65
Q

Symptoms suggestive of esophageal or stomach cancer are:

A

anorexia and dysphagia

66
Q

Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasion into a natural body cavity is called:

A

Seeding

67
Q

The major metastatic route of carcinomas is:

A

Lymphatic spread

68
Q

Assessing the aggressiveness or degree of malignancy is referred to as:

A

Grading

69
Q

To determine the most appropriate therapy, the disease process must be:

A

Staged

70
Q

Using a combination of cytotoxic substances to kill neoplastic cells is called:

A

Chemotherapy

71
Q

The most common hereditary abnormality is:

A

Enzyme deficiency

72
Q

Exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses may result in alterations in the DNA called:

A

Mutations

73
Q

Exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses may result in alterations in the DNA called:

A

Mutations

74
Q

A gene always producing an effect regardless of whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous is named:

A

Dominant

75
Q

When a vaccine or toxoid is used to counteract an antigen, it is considered:

A

Active immunity

76
Q

The body has the ability to combat antigens by forming _____ in the lymphoid tissue.

A

antibodies and immunoglobulins

77
Q

Hypotension and vascular collapse with urticaria, bronchiolar spasm, and laryngeal edema are characteristics of:

A

Anaphylactic reactions

78
Q

Profound and sustained impairment of cellular immunity resulting in recurrent or sequential opportunistic infections is characteristic of:

A

AIDS

79
Q

The retrovirus known to contribute to AIDS is:

A

human immunodeficiency virus

80
Q

A hazy, perihilar, granular infiltrate spreading to the lung periphery is the early radiographic finding of:

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia

81
Q

The modality of choice to demonstrate the multiple manifestations of AIDS in the central nervous system is:

A

MRI

82
Q

All of the following are additive diseases in terms of x-ray attenuation, except:

A

Osteolytic metastasis

83
Q

Measurable, visual changes in the patient.

A

Signs

84
Q

Not measurable, changes perceived by the patient

A

Symptoms

85
Q

Physical and biochemical changes in cells

A

Structural disease

86
Q

Classified as any disease that presents no lesions.

A

Functional disease

87
Q

The initial response that takes place following an injury.

A

Degeneration

88
Q

Sudden, onset, short and severe injury

A

Acute injury

89
Q

Pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout the body

A

Generalized edema

90
Q

Result of inflammation or obstruction of lymphatic drainage.

A

Localized edema

91
Q

Interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ.
•Deprives that organ of oxygen and nutrients.
•Caused by narrowing of arterial structures.
•Can suddenly or slowly cause tissue death (necrosis).

A

Ischemia

92
Q

Localized area of ischemic tissue necrosis.
•Caused by occlusion of arterial supply or venous drainage.

A

Infarct

93
Q

Rate that an illness or abnormality occurs

A

Morbidity

94
Q

Number of deaths by disease per population.

A

Mortality

95
Q

body’s reaction to counteract antigens

A

Antibodies

96
Q

foreign substances

A

Antigens

97
Q

Immune reaction. Antigen attaches to wall of white, red blood cells, or platelets.

A

Cytotoxic Reactions

98
Q

hypotension, shock, hives, bronco spasm, laryngeal edema. Can cause sudden death in patients allergic to bee stings, medications, and iodinated contrast.

A

Anaphylactic Reactions

99
Q

Occurs when previously exposed to antigen.
•First exposure to poison ivy results in mild rash and irritation. Second exposure leads to other infections or diseases.

A

Delayed Reaction

Radiographic Prodecures (2 decks)

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