Patho Test Flashcards
1
Q
A disease process caused by physicians or their treatment
A
iatrogenic
2
Q
a basic reaction of the body to some form of injury
A
Disease process
3
Q
a disease in which the underlying cause is unknown
A
idiopathic
4
Q
depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing
A
Ischemia
5
Q
Latin word for “new growth”. Alterations of cell growth, specifically an abnormal proliferation of cells, is called:
A
Neoplasia
6
Q
Diseases can be caused by what 5 things/processes?
A
Hereditary, trauma, infection, metabolic, and vascular
7
Q
localized lesion filled with pus and bacteria
A
Abscess
8
Q
localized lesion filled with pus and bacteria
A
Abscess
9
Q
Spreading infection of subcutaneous tissues
A
Cellulitis
10
Q
Depressed lesions on skin or mucous membrane
A
Ulcers
11
Q
5 signs of acute inflammation
A
Redness, heat, swelling, pain, loss of function
12
Q
The rupture of a blood vessel or vessels
A
Hemorrhage
13
Q
Loss of uniformity of cells
A
Dysplasia
14
Q
rate that an illness or abnormality occurs
A
Morbidity
15
Q
What can be described by an immune reaction where antigens attach to the wall of white, red blood cells, or platelets
A
Cytotoxic reaction
16
Q
new growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread
A
Malignant
17
Q
Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function
A
Benign
18
Q
a condition when tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated
A
Cachexia
19
Q
tumors that contain muscle cells
A
Myomas
20
Q
Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern
A
Adenoma
21
Q
Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasion into a natural body cavity
A
Seeding
22
Q
neoplastic growth that proliferates without form
A
Anaplastic
23
Q
When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs
A
Atrophy
24
Q
The most common hereditary abnormality
A
Enzyme deficiency
25
a gene always producing an effect regardless of whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous
Dominant
26
The initial response of body tissues to local injury is:
Inflammation
27
Heat and redness associated with inflammation is produced by:
Hyperemia
28
In an injury, the destroyed tissue is replaced with:
Granulation tissue
29
Of the five clinical signs of acute inflammation, the medical term for swelling is:
Edema
30
Some bacterial organisms produce substances that cause damage to the tissue and incite the inflammatory process known as:
Toxins
31
Chronic inflammation in a localized area, which often has centralized necrosis, is called:
A granuloma
32
In acute inflammation, the localized heat and redness are a result of the:
Increased blood flow and vascular permeability
33
In pyogenic infections, the body responds by producing a thick, yellow fluid called:
Pus
34
All pyogens have the ability to enter the blood circulation causing:
Bacteremia
35
Connective tissue fibers replacing dead tissue and then contracting in the abdomen are known as:
Fibrous adhesions
36
An accumulation of abnormal amounts of fluid in the intercellular tissue throughout the body is called:
Anasarca
37
Localized _____ is produced in an inflammatory reaction as a result of a fluid accumulation.
Edema
38
An inflammation associated with pus formation is:
Suppurative
39
The protein-rich fluid associated with swelling in an inflammatory process is:
Exudate
40
The low-protein fluid associated with the inflammatory process as seen in pulmonary edema is called:
Transudate
41
A localized area of ischemic necrosis within a tissue or organ produced by vascular occlusion is a(n):
Infarct
42
Depriving tissues of oxygen and nutrients caused by an arterial vessel narrowing is referred to as:
Ischemia
43
The progression of a loss of oxygen and nutrients resulting in tissue necrosis, especially in the diabetic’s foot, is called:
Gangrene
44
A subcutaneous hematoma greater than 1 to 2 cm is called a(n):
Ecchymosis
45
An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an):
Hematoma
46
An accumulation of blood trapped within the body tissues is known as a(an):
Hematoma
47
Bleeding into mucous membranes or serosal surfaces is referred to as:
Petechiae
48
The volume of blood loss, the rate of blood loss, and the site of blood loss will determine the:
Patient status, clinical significance and treatment
49
When a reduction in the size or number of cells in an organ occurs, this results in:
Atrophy
50
When cells fail to develop and as a result the organ is small, the organ is considered:
Hypoplastic
51
Which term is used to describe an increase in the size of an organ or tissue in response to an increase in function?
Hypertrophy
52
The proliferation of granulation tissue to repair an injury is an example of:
Hyperplasia
53
The Latin word for “new growth” is:
Neoplasia
54
New growths that invade and destroy adjacent structures and have the ability to spread are considered:
Malignant
55
A polyp is a:
projecting mass from an inner mucous membrane
56
A malignancy of glandular tissue, such as breast or liver, is referred to as a(n):
Adenocarcinoma
57
The term derived from the Latin term for “crab” is:
Cancer
58
The study of neoplasms or tumors is called:
Oncology
59
Tumors closely resembling their cells of origin in structure and function are called:
Benign
60
When tumor cells flourish, causing the patient to become weak and emaciated, this condition is referred to as:
Cachexia
61
Benign epithelial neoplasms that grow in a glandlike pattern are:
Adenomas
62
Tumors that contain muscle cells are called:
Myomas
63
Tumor cells of stratified squamous epithelium, which invade and destroy adjacent structures, make up:
Squamous cell carcinomas
64
If a neoplastic growth proliferates without form, it is considered:
Anaplastic
65
Symptoms suggestive of esophageal or stomach cancer are:
anorexia and dysphagia
66
Diffuse spread of malignant neoplasms by invasion into a natural body cavity is called:
Seeding
67
The major metastatic route of carcinomas is:
Lymphatic spread
68
Assessing the aggressiveness or degree of malignancy is referred to as:
Grading
69
To determine the most appropriate therapy, the disease process must be:
Staged
70
Using a combination of cytotoxic substances to kill neoplastic cells is called:
Chemotherapy
71
The most common hereditary abnormality is:
Enzyme deficiency
72
Exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses may result in alterations in the DNA called:
Mutations
73
Exposure to radiation, chemicals, or viruses may result in alterations in the DNA called:
Mutations
74
A gene always producing an effect regardless of whether the person is homozygous or heterozygous is named:
Dominant
75
When a vaccine or toxoid is used to counteract an antigen, it is considered:
Active immunity
76
The body has the ability to combat antigens by forming _____ in the lymphoid tissue.
antibodies and immunoglobulins
77
Hypotension and vascular collapse with urticaria, bronchiolar spasm, and laryngeal edema are characteristics of:
Anaphylactic reactions
78
Profound and sustained impairment of cellular immunity resulting in recurrent or sequential opportunistic infections is characteristic of:
AIDS
79
The retrovirus known to contribute to AIDS is:
human immunodeficiency virus
80
A hazy, perihilar, granular infiltrate spreading to the lung periphery is the early radiographic finding of:
Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia
81
The modality of choice to demonstrate the multiple manifestations of AIDS in the central nervous system is:
MRI
82
All of the following are additive diseases in terms of x-ray attenuation, except:
Osteolytic metastasis
83
Measurable, visual changes in the patient.
Signs
84
Not measurable, changes perceived by the patient
Symptoms
85
Physical and biochemical changes in cells
Structural disease
86
Classified as any disease that presents no lesions.
Functional disease
87
The initial response that takes place following an injury.
Degeneration
88
Sudden, onset, short and severe injury
Acute injury
89
Pronounced swelling of subcutaneous tissues throughout the body
Generalized edema
90
Result of inflammation or obstruction of lymphatic drainage.
Localized edema
91
Interference with the blood supply to an organ or part of an organ.
•Deprives that organ of oxygen and nutrients.
•Caused by narrowing of arterial structures.
•Can suddenly or slowly cause tissue death (necrosis).
Ischemia
92
Localized area of ischemic tissue necrosis.
•Caused by occlusion of arterial supply or venous drainage.
Infarct
93
Rate that an illness or abnormality occurs
Morbidity
94
Number of deaths by disease per population.
Mortality
95
body’s reaction to counteract antigens
Antibodies
96
foreign substances
Antigens
97
Immune reaction. Antigen attaches to wall of white, red blood cells, or platelets.
Cytotoxic Reactions
98
hypotension, shock, hives, bronco spasm, laryngeal edema. Can cause sudden death in patients allergic to bee stings, medications, and iodinated contrast.
Anaphylactic Reactions
99
Occurs when previously exposed to antigen.
•First exposure to poison ivy results in mild rash and irritation. Second exposure leads to other infections or diseases.
Delayed Reaction
