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Git > Patho - Stomach Diseases > Flashcards

Patho - Stomach Diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Complication of Acute gastritis

A

«acute ulcer»

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2
Q

Causes of acute gastritis

A

1) NSAIDs e.g : aspirin
2) ALCHOL
3) SMOKING
4) Stress ulcer
5) Old age

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3
Q

Microscopic picture of acute gastritis

A
  1. Mild acute gastritis
  2. Acute erosive hemorrhagic gastritis :
    Severe mucosal damage
  3. Acute peptic ulcer :

-curling’s ulcer: Associated with severe burns or trauma.
-cushing ulcer: Associated with trauma to C.N.S

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4
Q

Congenital anomalies of stomach

A
  1. Diaphragmatic hernia
  2. Congenital pyloric stenosis
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5
Q

What is Congenital pyloric stenosis

A

Hypertrophy of pyloric sphincter

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6
Q

Start of Congenital pyloric stenosis

A

Appear in 3rd wk of life by regurge & vomiting

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7
Q

Types of Chronic gastritis

A

1) Helicobacter pylori gastritis

2) Autoimmune gastritic (ch. Atrophic gastritis)

3) Reactive gastritis

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8
Q

Causative organism of Helicobacter pylori gastritis

A

H. pylori

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9
Q

Helicobacter pylori gastritis affect which part of stomach ?

A

antrum

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10
Q

Microscopic picture of Helicobacter pylori gastritis

A

PNL infiltrate

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11
Q

Complications of Helicobacter pylori gastritis

A

. Peptic ulcer
. Gastric carcinoma
. MALT lymphoma

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12
Q

Autoimmune gastritic affect which part of stomach ?

A

fundus

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13
Q

Autoimmune gastritic genetically is

A

Autosomal dominant

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14
Q

Autoimmune gastritic associated with

A

1) Abs against parietal cells
2) Achlorhydria
3) pernicious anemia
4) Intestinal metaplasia

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15
Q

Reactive gastritis called

A

Gastropathy

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16
Q

Causes of Reactive gastritis

A

chemicals, drugs, radiation

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17
Q

In active chronic gastritis background filled with

A

Neutrophil ( PNLs)

18
Q

Chronic infiltration cells in chronic gastritis extend to ……

A

Extend down to mascularis mucosa and replace glands

19
Q

Differentiate between Helicobacter pylori gastritis & Autoimmune gastritic

A

Page 18

20
Q

Benign tumors of stomach

A

1- Gastric adenoma
2- Gastric polyps

21
Q

Gastric adenoma Arise in the background of

A

chronic gastritis

22
Q

In Gastric adenoma Risk of malignant change increases in polyps ………….

A

greater than 2 cm

23
Q

In Gastric polyps there is risk of dysplasia if

A

> 1.5 cm

24
Q

Gastric polyps affect stomach in ……….. & genetically it is ………….

A
  • fundus
  • Hereditary
25
Q

Cause of Carcinoma of stomach

A

Mutation in CDH 1 gene

26
Q

Sites of Carcinoma of stomach

A

pyloric antrum & lesser curvature

27
Q

Prognosis of Carcinoma of stomach

A

•Depth of invasion
•Extent of nodal and distant metastasis

28
Q

Gross of Carcinoma of stomach

A

1) Fungating or exophytic

2) Malignant ulcer

3) Infiltrating

Localized:
•In the pylorus & pyloric antrum

Diffuse:
•The entire stomach wall is thickened up , Coat converting the stomach into thick, rigid, short,
tube called «Leather bottle stomach or linitis plastica»

29
Q

Microscopic picture of Carcinoma of stomach

A

Schedule page 22

30
Q

Predisposing factors of Carcinoma of stomach

A
  1. Adenoma
  2. Atrophic gastritis
  3. After gastrectomy
  4. (A) blood group
31
Q

Effects of Carcinoma of stomach

A

•hematemesis
•Pyloric obstruction > cachexia

32
Q

Spread of Carcinoma of stomach

A
  • direct
  • lymphatic: To Virchow LN «left supraclavicular»
  • Transcoelomic : to ovary (Krukenberg tumor)
33
Q

Carcinoid tumor associated with

A

endocrine cell hyperplasia

34
Q

Prognosis of GIT carcinoids

A

» Foregut carcinoids ( stomach and duodenum)———> rarely metastasize
» Midgut tumours (jejunum and ileum) ———> aggressive
» Hindgut tumours ( appendix) ———> benign

35
Q

Clinical picture of Carcinoid tumor

A

•Cutaneous flushing and sweating

•Asthmatic wheezing & bronchospasm

•Right sided cardiac valvular fibrosis

•Cramping, abdominal pain and diarrhea

36
Q

Cause of Gastrointestinal stromal tumour

A

Mutation in c-kit gene

37
Q

Prognosis of Gastrointestinal stromal tumour (GIST) :

A

•Gastri GISTs being less aggressive than those arising in the small intestine.

•Recurrence or metastasis is rare for gastric GISTs under 5 cm but common for tumors larger than 10 cm

38
Q

Clinical picture of Peptic ulcer

A

1- Epigastric burn or aching pain
2- Nausea, vomiting, bloating انتفاخ

39
Q

Sites of peptic ulcer :

A

1) Duodenum (1ry part)
2) Duodenum,stomach or jejunum (Zollinger Ellison $)
3) Meckel›s diverticulum with ectopic gastric mucosa

40
Q

Complication of peptic ulcer

A

Cicatricial contraction:
-Hour – glass stomach

41
Q

Gross of peptic ulcer

A
  • two ulcer can exists (particularly in duodenum) (kissing ulcer)
  • in gastric ulcer the surrounding mucosa flattened & atrophic
42
Q

Layers of peptic ulcer

A

(1) Fibrinoid necrosis

(2) Acute nonspecific infiltration :
with PNL

(3) Granulation tissue formation

(4) Fibrosis

(5) BV
•(A) EAO
•(V) Thrombosis

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