Patho - STI's Flashcards
what are STI’s?
-large group of disease syndromes that can be transmitted sexually, regardless of whether manifested in genital structures
-More prevalent in 15-25 years of age
-Can be contracted nonsexually—infected mother to infant during childbirth.
gonococcal infection etiology
Inflammation of epithelial tissue by gram-negative Neisseria gonorrhoeae organism
gonococcal pathogenesis
Direct contact with infectious membranes of infected person during sexual intercourse with incubation period of 2-7 days
gonococcal CM (women, men)
-Urethral DC & burning with urination.
-Pharynx, conjunctivae & anus inflammation may be present
-Purulent discharge
-Dysuria
Women:
-Usually asymptomatic
-Abnormal vaginal bleeding
Men:
-Redness & swelling at infection site
Urethritis
inflammation of urethra
Cervicitis
inflammation of uterine cervix
Salpingitis
inflammation of oviduct or fallopian tube
Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)
d/t acute salpingitis infxn extending into nearby pelvic tissue
Female: May lead to infertility
Male: spreads to epididymis, urethra
Long term complications include urethral stricture, abscess, and fistula formation
what is nongonococcal urethritis?
-Most common causative organism is -Chlamydia trachomatis.
Causes urethral discharge & dysuria.
-Determined by culture.
-May lead to PID.
-Clinical manifestations similar to gonorrhea but less severe
syphilis etiology
Treponema pallidum
syphilis pathogenesis
Enters body through skin or mucus membranes during sexual contact.
-Some pathogens stay at invasion site, others migrate to regional lymph nodes.
-Incubation period–10-60 days
what are the four stages of syphilis?
Primary: Begins with chancre (painless sore), contagious
Secondary: Skin rash, flu like symptoms, contagious
Latency: No symptoms, contagious in beginning
Tertiary: 10-30years after began. Can be localized, cardiac, or CNS. Can lead to severe CNS symptoms and death.
syphilis treatment
Percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN)
herpes etiology
Herpes simplex virus (2 sub types: HSV-1 & HSV-2).
-Persistent or latent infections
-Virus remains in body, predisposing to recurrence
-Both types produce self-limiting initial infection
-Recurrence triggers: Infxns, emotional stress, Immunosuppression
what is HSV-1 herpes?
“Cold sores”
-Associated with infxn above the waist (oral, lips, eyes, epidermis)
-Can be sexually transmitted & cause genital herpetic infxns
-Often affects children <5 yrs
what is HSV-2 herpes?
HSV-2-Genital herpes
-Most genital, anal & perianal
-Results in oral lesions after sexual contact
-Can be transmitted from mother to infant during delivery
HSV-2 herpes CM
-Localized discomfort, malaise, occurs days after sexual contact.
-Fluid-filled vesicles after 3 to 7 day incubation period
Female: Cx (most common), Labia, Perianal skin, Vulva, Vagina
Male: Foreskin, Penile shaft
-Lesions usually painless at first
-May rupture & develop into shallow, painful ulcers
-Virus may enter lymphatic system & create lesions
-Inguinal nodes swollen & tender
HSV-2 herpes treatment
-Antiviral agents-Acyclovir, famciclovir, valacyclovir
-Condom use reduces transmission
-C-section recommended for birth
human papillomavirus etiology
Various strains of papillomavirus.
-transmission via sexual intercourse.
-Cause of 90% of Anal CA
-Cause of most Cervical CA
-18-25 yrs highest prevalence
-Highly communicable: 2/3 will develop if exposed
-Nonsexual documented in infants
-Period of communicability unknown
-80-90% will clear in 2 years
human papillomavirus pathogenesis
-Incubation period 3 weeks to several months; precedes lesions
-Virus stimulates epithelial cells to divide & proliferate into wart-like lesions
human papillomavirus CM
-Single or multiple warts found on external genitalia & anus.
-Soft pink to brown
-Elongated
-Cauliflower-like clusters
-Pruritic (itchy)
-Bleed easily
how do you prevent human papillomavirus?
-Yearly Pap exams
-HPV vaccine; given before onset of sexual activity
-Recommended 11 to 12 yrs
-Also recommended to 26 yrs
-Can be given as young as 9 yrs
