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Patho Quiz 3 > Patho Quiz > Flashcards

Patho Quiz Flashcards

1
Q

What are the fluid % of Adults?

A

60%

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2
Q

What are the fluid % of kids?

A

80%

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3
Q

What are the elderly fluid %?

A

50% fluid 50% solid

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4
Q

Why are elderly and children more at risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances?

A

Any shift in fluid can cause tremendous amount of consequences such a diseases and anything related to electrolyte imbalances

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5
Q

What is infants body composition like?

A

Body surface much larger, High metabolic rate and get dehydrated easily from fluid lost

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6
Q

What is elderly body composition like?

A

Increase fat, decrease muscle and water. Kidney less responsive.. Any fever can be very severe in the elderly

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7
Q

Of the 60% of fluid composition, what % is intracellular and extracellular?

A

40% intracellular, 20% extracellular (5% plasma & 14% interstitial & 1% transcellular)

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8
Q

Where is interstitial fluid?

A

Between vascular area and intracellular fluid

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9
Q

Why are fluids important?

A

Lubricate, solvent for chemical actions of metabolism, transport oxygen nutrients and wastes, regulate body temp, cushion as a shock absorber ( don’t break bones easily), and provide form for body ( stand up right)

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10
Q

Factors that influence fluid and electrolyte

A

Intake, absorption, distribution, and excretion

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11
Q

ECF- Plasma is also called what and located where?

A

Intravascular Fluid… Fluid outside cell but within vascular space, within the blood vessel

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12
Q

What are examples of ions in extracellular fluid ?

A

Na+, Cl-, HCO3 (bi carb)

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13
Q

What are examples of major ions in intracellular fluid?

A

K+, Mg++, HPO4 (hydrogen phosphate)

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14
Q

What is osmolarity ?

A

The measure of solute concentration in a solution

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15
Q

What are the normal limits of serum osmolarity?

A

275-290 Osm/L

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16
Q

How do you calculate serum osmolarity?

A

Take serum sodium level (Meq/L) and multiply by 2.. Will get Osm/L and tell you how over fluid/ dehydrated a person is

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17
Q

What are electrolytes?

A

Solutes that from ions (cation +/ Anion-) which have electrical charges that can cause fluid movement

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18
Q

What are the major electrolytes?

A

Na+, K+, Ca++, Mg++

Cl-, HCO3, HPO4–, SO4-

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19
Q

What is the fxn of EFC?

A

Volume and Concentration of EFC… regulates: blood & bodily fluids, transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and metabolic fxn

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20
Q

What is the function of K?

A

Muscle contraction and cardiac conduction

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21
Q

Where is K mostly at?

A

Think next of Kin, close to inside. INTRACELLULAR

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22
Q

What would cause K to move from EFC > ICF?

A

Insulin

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23
Q

What would cause K to move from IFC>EFC?

A

Acidosis, trauma, and exercise

24
Q

What are some non electrolytes?

A

Sugar, lipids, amino acids, and protein

25
Q

Which non-electrolytes are apart of the waste products effecting metabolic fxn?

A

Uric acid, urea, and creatine

26
Q

What is the fxn of HCO3 and H?

A

Acid base regulation

27
Q

What is the fxn of Ca?

A

Skeletal integrity, coagulation, neurotransmitters, and cardiac conduction

28
Q

What is the fxn of PO4 ( phosphate)?

A

Skeletal, energy/ATP

29
Q

What is the fxn of Mg ( magnesium) ?

A

Gi, Neuro, and Cardiac

30
Q

What can cause electrolyte / fluid disorders?

A

Dilution and increased concentration

31
Q

What are some regulation mechanisms of electrolytes?

A

Concentration gradients, pressure gradients, hormones, and kidneys

32
Q

What is osmosis?

A

Movement of water to move through semi- permeable membrane, high to low concentration

33
Q

What is Diffusion?

A

Movement of solute across semi-permeable membrane from areas of high to low conc

34
Q

What will happen in a isotonic solution?

A

Conc. of solute = body serum of PT nothing will happen to cell

35
Q

What will happen if you infuse a hypotonic solution?

A

The cell will swell b/c the conc. of intracellular is higher, therefore fluid will get pulled in.

36
Q

What will happen to cell in hypertonic sol?

A

Cell will shrink

37
Q

Explain the mechanisms of hydrostatic pressure

A

Is mechanic force of water pushing against membrane. Side with more solutes will increase.. Will have more solutes & fluid & hydrostatic pressure

38
Q

Explain the mechanisms of oncotic/ colloid pressure

A

Osmotic pressure exerted by proteins in blood plasma. Any compartment of fluid that contains a lot of proteins will attract higher conc of water water moving

39
Q

What does ADH do?

A

Anti-diuretic hormone that controls water absorption and amount of water excreted in urine

40
Q

Why is aldosterone important?

A

Major role in Na+ balance and volume regulation

41
Q

What is aldosterone stimulated by?

A

Decreased volume to the kidneys, baroreceptors in the afferent arterioles of the kidneys, v Na & ^ K

42
Q

When does ADH get released?

A

Hypernatremia (^ Na in plasma ) and dehydration

43
Q

Explain Renin Angiotensin Response

A

v in Bp ( severe dehydration), recognized by kidney, which will release Renin, will be secreted in blood stream, renin causes angiotensogen to covert to angiotensin 1, get circulated in lungs, gets converted to angiotensin 11, which will get circulated in blood stream and into adrenal cortex and stimulates secretion of aldosterone .. Aldosterone will promote Na & h20 reabsorption. Angiotensin II will also cause vasodilation which will increase blood volume and elevate BP

44
Q

What is an example of isotonic iv?

A

Normal saline (0.9%) & lactated ringer

45
Q

What is an example of hypotonic IV med?

A

D5W & 5% dextrose in 1/2 normal saline

46
Q

What is an example of hypertonic iv med?

A

3% NaCl

47
Q

What is Hypervolemia?

A

Excess fluid in Intravascular comparment

48
Q

What is Edema?

A

Excess fluid in interstitial space

49
Q

What is another name for excess fluid in Interstitial Space?

A

Third spacing

50
Q

What is intracellular swelling?

A

Excess fluid inside cell, in the case of hypoxia

51
Q

What are the general manifestations of excess fluid?

A

Change in osmolarity, serum change in Na, dyspnea, drop in urine output, HTN, tachycardia, tachypnea, and hemodilution or hemocentration

52
Q

What can cause Edema?

A

Increase in hydrostatic pressure (venous obstruction, too Mach salt & h20 retention, decrease in albumin, increase in capillary permeability and poor lymphatic drainage.

53
Q

What is the difference between localized and generalized edema?

A

Local is easier to manage

54
Q

What are some problems that Edema can cause?

A

Impede movement between vascular & interstitial space, decrease capillary flow because ^ tissue pressure, and interfere w/ organ fxn

55
Q

What is third spacing?

A

Excess fluid in interstitial spaces and connective tissue between cells (edema) or excess fluid in potential spaces (effusion)

56
Q

What are example of effusion?

A

Acites (peritoneal cavity), Cor pulmonale (pericardial sac), joint effusion ( synovial cavities of joints), and pleural effusion (alveoli or pleural spaces)

57
Q

What is CHF?

A

Congested heart failure- Diseased or malfunction of heart, decreased cardiac output, and decreased renal profusion. Manifestations: dyspnea, crackles, decrease urine output, RR HR BP Increase..

Patho Quiz 3 (3 decks)

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